GMS 6552 LATEST STUDY EXAM GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔In the TGF-β pathway, which protein becomes activated first upon binding of a
ligand?
R-Smad
TGFβR1
Co-Smad
TGFβR2 - ✔✔TGFβR2
✔✔How many DNA binding domains do Smads have?
0
1
2
3
4 - ✔✔1
✔✔Different Smad complexes bind different genes. Which group of Smads is
responsible for this specificity?
R-Smads
Co-Smads
I-Smads - ✔✔R-Smads
✔✔Would it likely be most beneficial (for the tumor) for an early tumor to up- or down-
regulate the TGF-β pathway?
Up-regulate
Down-regulate - ✔✔Down-regulate
✔✔Would it likely be most beneficial (for the tumor) for a large, well-developed tumor to
up- or down-regulate the TGF-β pathway?
Up-regulate
Down-regulate - ✔✔Up-regulate
✔✔Where are the G-proteins located in relation to the cellular membrane?
Extracellularly
Intramembrously
Intracellularly - ✔✔Intracellularly
, ✔✔Which families of GPCRs contain disulfide bonds between the 1st and
2ndextracellular loops? Select all that apply.
Family A
Family B
Family C - ✔✔Family A
Family B
Family C
✔✔What protein leads to the hydrolysis of GTP and subsequent inactivation of the Gα
subunit?
GPCR
Gβ
Gγ
Gap
GEF - ✔✔Gap
✔✔Which of the following may directly result from a spontaneous conformation change
in a GPCR?
Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
Conversion of GDP to GTP
Receptor internalization
Constitutive activation - ✔✔Constitutive activation
✔✔Where do GPCR agonists bind in relation to the cellular membrane?
Extracellularly
Intramembrously
Intracellularly - ✔✔Extracellularly
✔✔Which of the following drugs would have no effect on the spontaneous conformation
changes seen in GPCRs?
Full agonist
Partial agonist
Inverse agonist
Antagonist - ✔✔Antagonist
✔✔Which G-protein subunit shows the greatest evolutionary diversity in human cells?
Gα
Gβ
Gγ - ✔✔Gα
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔In the TGF-β pathway, which protein becomes activated first upon binding of a
ligand?
R-Smad
TGFβR1
Co-Smad
TGFβR2 - ✔✔TGFβR2
✔✔How many DNA binding domains do Smads have?
0
1
2
3
4 - ✔✔1
✔✔Different Smad complexes bind different genes. Which group of Smads is
responsible for this specificity?
R-Smads
Co-Smads
I-Smads - ✔✔R-Smads
✔✔Would it likely be most beneficial (for the tumor) for an early tumor to up- or down-
regulate the TGF-β pathway?
Up-regulate
Down-regulate - ✔✔Down-regulate
✔✔Would it likely be most beneficial (for the tumor) for a large, well-developed tumor to
up- or down-regulate the TGF-β pathway?
Up-regulate
Down-regulate - ✔✔Up-regulate
✔✔Where are the G-proteins located in relation to the cellular membrane?
Extracellularly
Intramembrously
Intracellularly - ✔✔Intracellularly
, ✔✔Which families of GPCRs contain disulfide bonds between the 1st and
2ndextracellular loops? Select all that apply.
Family A
Family B
Family C - ✔✔Family A
Family B
Family C
✔✔What protein leads to the hydrolysis of GTP and subsequent inactivation of the Gα
subunit?
GPCR
Gβ
Gγ
Gap
GEF - ✔✔Gap
✔✔Which of the following may directly result from a spontaneous conformation change
in a GPCR?
Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
Conversion of GDP to GTP
Receptor internalization
Constitutive activation - ✔✔Constitutive activation
✔✔Where do GPCR agonists bind in relation to the cellular membrane?
Extracellularly
Intramembrously
Intracellularly - ✔✔Extracellularly
✔✔Which of the following drugs would have no effect on the spontaneous conformation
changes seen in GPCRs?
Full agonist
Partial agonist
Inverse agonist
Antagonist - ✔✔Antagonist
✔✔Which G-protein subunit shows the greatest evolutionary diversity in human cells?
Gα
Gβ
Gγ - ✔✔Gα
