CMSRN UPDATED EXAMS ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus
fruits? - ✔✔hyperkalemia
✔✔what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - ✔✔potassium
✔✔causes of hypokalemia - ✔✔vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns,
potassium wasting diuretics
✔✔symptoms of hypokalemia - ✔✔muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
✔✔treatment for hypokalemia - ✔✔potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
✔✔normal calcium level - ✔✔9-10.5
✔✔where is calcium stored? - ✔✔bones
✔✔what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - ✔✔Vitamin D
✔✔what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - ✔✔phosphorous
✔✔which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - ✔✔hypocalcemia
✔✔causes for hypercalcemia - ✔✔cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
✔✔symptoms of hypercalcemia - ✔✔sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
✔✔treatment for hypercalcemia - ✔✔decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
✔✔causes of hypocalcemia - ✔✔decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
✔✔symptoms of hypocalcemia - ✔✔chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
✔✔treatment of hypocalcemia - ✔✔increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
,✔✔sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? -
✔✔chvosteks sign
✔✔sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - ✔✔trousseaus
sign
✔✔normal level of phosphate - ✔✔3-4.5
✔✔symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an
inverse relationship - ✔✔phosphate
✔✔Normal level of magnesium - ✔✔1.3-2.1
✔✔Normal level of sodium - ✔✔135-145
✔✔normal level of potassium - ✔✔3.5-5.0 mEq/L
✔✔symptoms of hypermagnesemia - ✔✔poor renal excretion, muscular depression
✔✔symptoms of hypomagnesemia - ✔✔Hyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors,
seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
✔✔treatment for hypermagnesemia - ✔✔calcium gluconate
✔✔what is serum osmolality? - ✔✔how thick solution is
✔✔what does it mean if serum osmolality is high? - ✔✔the patient is dry
✔✔what type of solution is NS, LR? - ✔✔isotonic
✔✔what does an isotonic solution do? - ✔✔expands blood volume
increases blood pressure if dehydrated
has same osmolarity as our cells
can cause electrolyte increase
✔✔what type of solution is D5LR, D5NS? - ✔✔hypertonic
✔✔what does a hypertonic solution do? - ✔✔Pulls fluid into the intravascular space
from tissue, do NOT give if dehydrated
✔✔what type of solution is 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS? - ✔✔hypotonic
, ✔✔what does a hypotonic solution do? - ✔✔contain less solute than our cells
used for cellular hydration
has more water than electrolytes
given after surgery due to dehydration
✔✔What organ metabolizes most nutrients? - ✔✔liver
✔✔gallbladder location - ✔✔RUQ
✔✔appendix location - ✔✔RLQ
✔✔stomach location - ✔✔LUQ
✔✔what quadrant is indicative of IBD? - ✔✔LLQ
✔✔when a diabetic has epigastric pain, what can this indicate? - ✔✔gastroparesis, MI
✔✔what does it mean if abdominal auscultation is dull? - ✔✔fluid or mass
✔✔order for GI assessment? - ✔✔inspect, auscultate, peruss, palpate
✔✔GERD causes/risk factors - ✔✔obesity, hiatal hernia, esophageal sphincter
problems, gastric empty delay
✔✔symptoms of GERD - ✔✔-Dyspepsia
-Chest pain
-Esophagitis
-Hoarseness in the morning
-Persistent heartburn
-Dysphagia
-Can mimic heart attack symptoms.
✔✔treatment for GERD - ✔✔sleep with head elevated, used H2- receptor blockers
(pepcid, zantac) or proton pump inhibitors (prilosec)., meal timing
✔✔complications of GERD - ✔✔Esophagitis, ulceration, Barrett's esophagus,
respiratory issues (asthma, pneumonia), dental erosion
✔✔Location of peptic ulcers - ✔✔stomach or duodenum
✔✔causes of peptic ulcers - ✔✔NSAIDS, ASA, stress, smoking, caffeine, ETOH,
steroids, H.Pylori
✔✔Which type of peptic ulcer is most common? - ✔✔duodenal ulcers
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus
fruits? - ✔✔hyperkalemia
✔✔what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - ✔✔potassium
✔✔causes of hypokalemia - ✔✔vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns,
potassium wasting diuretics
✔✔symptoms of hypokalemia - ✔✔muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
✔✔treatment for hypokalemia - ✔✔potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
✔✔normal calcium level - ✔✔9-10.5
✔✔where is calcium stored? - ✔✔bones
✔✔what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - ✔✔Vitamin D
✔✔what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - ✔✔phosphorous
✔✔which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - ✔✔hypocalcemia
✔✔causes for hypercalcemia - ✔✔cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
✔✔symptoms of hypercalcemia - ✔✔sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
✔✔treatment for hypercalcemia - ✔✔decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
✔✔causes of hypocalcemia - ✔✔decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
✔✔symptoms of hypocalcemia - ✔✔chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
✔✔treatment of hypocalcemia - ✔✔increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
,✔✔sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? -
✔✔chvosteks sign
✔✔sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - ✔✔trousseaus
sign
✔✔normal level of phosphate - ✔✔3-4.5
✔✔symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an
inverse relationship - ✔✔phosphate
✔✔Normal level of magnesium - ✔✔1.3-2.1
✔✔Normal level of sodium - ✔✔135-145
✔✔normal level of potassium - ✔✔3.5-5.0 mEq/L
✔✔symptoms of hypermagnesemia - ✔✔poor renal excretion, muscular depression
✔✔symptoms of hypomagnesemia - ✔✔Hyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors,
seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
✔✔treatment for hypermagnesemia - ✔✔calcium gluconate
✔✔what is serum osmolality? - ✔✔how thick solution is
✔✔what does it mean if serum osmolality is high? - ✔✔the patient is dry
✔✔what type of solution is NS, LR? - ✔✔isotonic
✔✔what does an isotonic solution do? - ✔✔expands blood volume
increases blood pressure if dehydrated
has same osmolarity as our cells
can cause electrolyte increase
✔✔what type of solution is D5LR, D5NS? - ✔✔hypertonic
✔✔what does a hypertonic solution do? - ✔✔Pulls fluid into the intravascular space
from tissue, do NOT give if dehydrated
✔✔what type of solution is 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS? - ✔✔hypotonic
, ✔✔what does a hypotonic solution do? - ✔✔contain less solute than our cells
used for cellular hydration
has more water than electrolytes
given after surgery due to dehydration
✔✔What organ metabolizes most nutrients? - ✔✔liver
✔✔gallbladder location - ✔✔RUQ
✔✔appendix location - ✔✔RLQ
✔✔stomach location - ✔✔LUQ
✔✔what quadrant is indicative of IBD? - ✔✔LLQ
✔✔when a diabetic has epigastric pain, what can this indicate? - ✔✔gastroparesis, MI
✔✔what does it mean if abdominal auscultation is dull? - ✔✔fluid or mass
✔✔order for GI assessment? - ✔✔inspect, auscultate, peruss, palpate
✔✔GERD causes/risk factors - ✔✔obesity, hiatal hernia, esophageal sphincter
problems, gastric empty delay
✔✔symptoms of GERD - ✔✔-Dyspepsia
-Chest pain
-Esophagitis
-Hoarseness in the morning
-Persistent heartburn
-Dysphagia
-Can mimic heart attack symptoms.
✔✔treatment for GERD - ✔✔sleep with head elevated, used H2- receptor blockers
(pepcid, zantac) or proton pump inhibitors (prilosec)., meal timing
✔✔complications of GERD - ✔✔Esophagitis, ulceration, Barrett's esophagus,
respiratory issues (asthma, pneumonia), dental erosion
✔✔Location of peptic ulcers - ✔✔stomach or duodenum
✔✔causes of peptic ulcers - ✔✔NSAIDS, ASA, stress, smoking, caffeine, ETOH,
steroids, H.Pylori
✔✔Which type of peptic ulcer is most common? - ✔✔duodenal ulcers
