BIO 156 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+
1. What is the BASE PAIRING RULE for DNA?:
Answer: A=T C=G
2. What is the base pairing rule for RNA?:
Answer: A=U C=G
3. During the s-phase of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA using
"SEMI-CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION". Explain WHAT this means and WHY it is
so important:
Answer: WHAT: Way to copy DNA using master strand as instructions on how to build the other side
-half of something is going to be conserved, half preserved
WHY: It's a very careful way to copy DNA
4. Explain exactly what happens during "semi-conservative DNA replication"
Answer:: -
,The cell will use SEMI - CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION to copy all
of its DNA prior to mitosis or meiosis. In this process, the original (master?) strand of DNA will be split in half by DNA
HELICASE and then DNA POLYMERASE will copy each half to produce two new and identical DNA molecules from the
original.
5. List 3 differences between DNA and RNA:
Answer: DNA:
-double stranded
-nitrogenous bases: ATCG
-base pairing rule: A=T & C=G
-location: nucleus
RNA:
-single stranded
-nitrogenous bases: AUCG
-base pairing rule: A=U & C=G
-location: nucleus & cytoplasm
6. What is a chromosome? Draw a "duplicated CHROMOSOME" and LABEL all
the parts
,WHEN do chromosomes first appear in the cell cycle?:
Answer: Chromosome: Condensed/com-pressed superspooled DNA molecule
WHEN: during PROPHASE
(label parts: centromere & sister chromatids)
Describe 2 cellular events that happen during INTERPHASE
7. Describe 2 cellular events that happen during INTERPHASE:
Answer: -Cell growth
-DNA replication
-Protein synthesis
(more specifically)...
-G1 phase = cell growth, organelles double
-S phase = synthesis of DNA, semi-conservative DNA replication
-G2 phase = protein synthesis, preparation for mitosis +++
-G0 phase = specialized cell "jobs" = secretion, muscle contraction,
8. Use the mRNA strand and the CODON KEY (On back) to answer the following
questions;
a. describe the nucleotide sequence of the original DNA strand used to make
the mRNA &
, b. describe the primary structure of the protein in the gene on this DNA.:
Answer: DNA TAC AAA TCT CCA TTT GGG ACG ATT
mRNA AUG UUU AGA GGU AAA CCC UGC UAA
Protein StartÏPheÏArgÏGlyÏLysÏProÏCysÏStop
9. BRIEFLY describe the function/role of all these molecules in the protein
synthesis "story".
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine fDNA polymerase fDNA unzipase/Helicase
RNA polymerase fMessenger RNA (mRNA) fRibosomal RNA (rRNA) fTransfer RNA
(tRNA) fglycine or any another amino acid fprotein polymerase:
Answer: -Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine: monomer nucleotides used to form the DNA polymer.
-DNA polymerase: the enzyme that copies and repairs DNA.
-DNA unzipase/Helicase: the enzyme that separates the two sides of the DNA molecule by disrupting the
hydrogen bonds between complimentary nucleotides.
ALREADY GRADED A+
1. What is the BASE PAIRING RULE for DNA?:
Answer: A=T C=G
2. What is the base pairing rule for RNA?:
Answer: A=U C=G
3. During the s-phase of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA using
"SEMI-CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION". Explain WHAT this means and WHY it is
so important:
Answer: WHAT: Way to copy DNA using master strand as instructions on how to build the other side
-half of something is going to be conserved, half preserved
WHY: It's a very careful way to copy DNA
4. Explain exactly what happens during "semi-conservative DNA replication"
Answer:: -
,The cell will use SEMI - CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION to copy all
of its DNA prior to mitosis or meiosis. In this process, the original (master?) strand of DNA will be split in half by DNA
HELICASE and then DNA POLYMERASE will copy each half to produce two new and identical DNA molecules from the
original.
5. List 3 differences between DNA and RNA:
Answer: DNA:
-double stranded
-nitrogenous bases: ATCG
-base pairing rule: A=T & C=G
-location: nucleus
RNA:
-single stranded
-nitrogenous bases: AUCG
-base pairing rule: A=U & C=G
-location: nucleus & cytoplasm
6. What is a chromosome? Draw a "duplicated CHROMOSOME" and LABEL all
the parts
,WHEN do chromosomes first appear in the cell cycle?:
Answer: Chromosome: Condensed/com-pressed superspooled DNA molecule
WHEN: during PROPHASE
(label parts: centromere & sister chromatids)
Describe 2 cellular events that happen during INTERPHASE
7. Describe 2 cellular events that happen during INTERPHASE:
Answer: -Cell growth
-DNA replication
-Protein synthesis
(more specifically)...
-G1 phase = cell growth, organelles double
-S phase = synthesis of DNA, semi-conservative DNA replication
-G2 phase = protein synthesis, preparation for mitosis +++
-G0 phase = specialized cell "jobs" = secretion, muscle contraction,
8. Use the mRNA strand and the CODON KEY (On back) to answer the following
questions;
a. describe the nucleotide sequence of the original DNA strand used to make
the mRNA &
, b. describe the primary structure of the protein in the gene on this DNA.:
Answer: DNA TAC AAA TCT CCA TTT GGG ACG ATT
mRNA AUG UUU AGA GGU AAA CCC UGC UAA
Protein StartÏPheÏArgÏGlyÏLysÏProÏCysÏStop
9. BRIEFLY describe the function/role of all these molecules in the protein
synthesis "story".
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine fDNA polymerase fDNA unzipase/Helicase
RNA polymerase fMessenger RNA (mRNA) fRibosomal RNA (rRNA) fTransfer RNA
(tRNA) fglycine or any another amino acid fprotein polymerase:
Answer: -Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine: monomer nucleotides used to form the DNA polymer.
-DNA polymerase: the enzyme that copies and repairs DNA.
-DNA unzipase/Helicase: the enzyme that separates the two sides of the DNA molecule by disrupting the
hydrogen bonds between complimentary nucleotides.
