NU 463 Substance use and Related disorders || 100% Accurate
Answers.
Addiction: correct answers condition of continued use of substances (or reward-seeking
behaviors) despite adverse consequences
Diagnostic criteria: correct answers Categories:
- Substance use disorders
- Substance-induced disorders
- DSM-5 identifies 10 diagnostic categories: alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens,
inhalants, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, stimulants, tobacco, others
- Disorder occurs when underlying change in brain circuitry that may persist after detoxification
- Brain changes lead to pathologic behaviors
Age of onset: correct answers - Alcohol is the most abused substance in the United States
followed by marijuana
- Fewer teens smoke cigarettes
substance use comorbidity correct answers - Many who abuse substances have other mental
disorders
- May be byproduct of long-term substance use
- Some may be predisposed due to medication use
- Often have psychotic, anxiety, mood, or personality disorders
- High risk for death from drug overdoses, homicide, suicide, opportunistic infections
- Documented connection between alcohol abuse and increased risk for diabetes mellitus, GI
problems, hypertension, liver disease, stroke
Alcohol effects on the body correct answers - CNS depressant: mild sedation à coma, respiratory
failure, and death
- Intoxication based on BAL blood alcohol level
- Varying patterns of use
- CAGE questionnaire
- Binge drinkers
Effects of Long-Term Abuse correct answers - Usually develop alcohol tolerance
, - Need to drink increasing amounts before experience "high" and show cognitive and motor
effects
- BALs reflect increased amount of alcohol
- Excessive or long-term abuse adversely affects all body systems
- Serious and permanent effects
*Alcohol withdrawal syndrome:* correct answers *PT CAN DIE FROM THIS PROCESS*
- Usually within 12 hours after abrupt discontinuation
- *Delirium/ tremens*
- *Grand mal seizures*
-Detoxification: period of time where patient is observed and given medication to avoid
withdrawal symptoms
- Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment
*Alcohol Withdrawal and Detoxification medications* correct answers - benzodiazepines,
chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam, antidepressants, antipsychotic
- Withdrawal symptoms can occur in any patient who abuses alcohol and is forced to stop
drinking
- Observing for signs of seizure activity is priority
Meds for prevention: disulfiram, acamprosate calcium, naltrexone
*serax for ppl w/ liver probs*
Alcohol-induced amnestic disorders correct answers Most common after many years of heavy
drinking, generally over 40 years old
Wernicke's encephalopathy: vision impairment, ataxia, hypotension, confusion, coma
Korsakoff's amnestic syndrome: amnesia, confabulation, attention deficit, disorientation, vision
impairment
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome:
- Wernicke: acute phase
- Korsakoff: chronic phase
Answers.
Addiction: correct answers condition of continued use of substances (or reward-seeking
behaviors) despite adverse consequences
Diagnostic criteria: correct answers Categories:
- Substance use disorders
- Substance-induced disorders
- DSM-5 identifies 10 diagnostic categories: alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens,
inhalants, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, stimulants, tobacco, others
- Disorder occurs when underlying change in brain circuitry that may persist after detoxification
- Brain changes lead to pathologic behaviors
Age of onset: correct answers - Alcohol is the most abused substance in the United States
followed by marijuana
- Fewer teens smoke cigarettes
substance use comorbidity correct answers - Many who abuse substances have other mental
disorders
- May be byproduct of long-term substance use
- Some may be predisposed due to medication use
- Often have psychotic, anxiety, mood, or personality disorders
- High risk for death from drug overdoses, homicide, suicide, opportunistic infections
- Documented connection between alcohol abuse and increased risk for diabetes mellitus, GI
problems, hypertension, liver disease, stroke
Alcohol effects on the body correct answers - CNS depressant: mild sedation à coma, respiratory
failure, and death
- Intoxication based on BAL blood alcohol level
- Varying patterns of use
- CAGE questionnaire
- Binge drinkers
Effects of Long-Term Abuse correct answers - Usually develop alcohol tolerance
, - Need to drink increasing amounts before experience "high" and show cognitive and motor
effects
- BALs reflect increased amount of alcohol
- Excessive or long-term abuse adversely affects all body systems
- Serious and permanent effects
*Alcohol withdrawal syndrome:* correct answers *PT CAN DIE FROM THIS PROCESS*
- Usually within 12 hours after abrupt discontinuation
- *Delirium/ tremens*
- *Grand mal seizures*
-Detoxification: period of time where patient is observed and given medication to avoid
withdrawal symptoms
- Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment
*Alcohol Withdrawal and Detoxification medications* correct answers - benzodiazepines,
chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam, antidepressants, antipsychotic
- Withdrawal symptoms can occur in any patient who abuses alcohol and is forced to stop
drinking
- Observing for signs of seizure activity is priority
Meds for prevention: disulfiram, acamprosate calcium, naltrexone
*serax for ppl w/ liver probs*
Alcohol-induced amnestic disorders correct answers Most common after many years of heavy
drinking, generally over 40 years old
Wernicke's encephalopathy: vision impairment, ataxia, hypotension, confusion, coma
Korsakoff's amnestic syndrome: amnesia, confabulation, attention deficit, disorientation, vision
impairment
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome:
- Wernicke: acute phase
- Korsakoff: chronic phase
