PNR 105/PNR105 Exam 1 V2 |
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. Which phase of the nursing process involves the nurse collecting data about a patient’s
allergies and current medications?
A. Implementation
B. Assessment
C. Evaluation
D. Planning
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The assessment phase is the first step of the nursing process where
the nurse gathers subjective and objective data. This includes obtaining a thorough drug
history to identify potential contraindications or allergies. Proper assessment provides the
foundation for the entire care plan and ensures patient safety during pharmacotherapy.
2. A drug that binds to a receptor and produces a maximal biological response is known as:
A. An agonist
B. A partial agonist
C. An antagonist
D. A competitive inhibitor
,Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the
receptor to produce a biological response. This is contrasted with an antagonist, which
blocks the action of the agonist. Understanding this relationship is crucial for predicting
how specific medications will affect physiological functions.
3. Which term describes the process by which the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced
before it reaches the systemic circulation, typically by the liver?
A. First-pass effect
B. Excretion
C. Distribution
D. Bioavailability
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when an oral medication is absorbed
from the GI tract and carried to the liver via the portal circulation. The liver metabolizes a
significant portion of the drug before it ever reaches the rest of the body. This phenomenon
explains why oral doses of certain drugs must be much higher than IV doses.
4. When administering ear drops to a 2-year-old child, how should the nurse manipulate the
pinna?
A. Pull it straight back
B. Pull it up and back
, C. Pull it down and back
D. Pull it forward and down
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: For children under the age of 3, the ear canal is positioned differently
than in adults. Pulling the pinna down and back helps straighten the external auditory
canal for better medication penetration. In contrast, for adults and children over 3, the
pinna is pulled up and back.
5. What is the primary site for drug metabolism in the human body?
A. Liver
B. Small Intestine
C. Kidneys
D. Lungs
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The liver is the primary organ responsible for the metabolism of
drugs through various enzyme systems, most notably the cytochrome P450 system.
Metabolism converts lipid-soluble drugs into water-soluble metabolites that can be
excreted. Impaired liver function can lead to drug toxicity due to decreased metabolic
clearance.
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. Which phase of the nursing process involves the nurse collecting data about a patient’s
allergies and current medications?
A. Implementation
B. Assessment
C. Evaluation
D. Planning
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The assessment phase is the first step of the nursing process where
the nurse gathers subjective and objective data. This includes obtaining a thorough drug
history to identify potential contraindications or allergies. Proper assessment provides the
foundation for the entire care plan and ensures patient safety during pharmacotherapy.
2. A drug that binds to a receptor and produces a maximal biological response is known as:
A. An agonist
B. A partial agonist
C. An antagonist
D. A competitive inhibitor
,Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the
receptor to produce a biological response. This is contrasted with an antagonist, which
blocks the action of the agonist. Understanding this relationship is crucial for predicting
how specific medications will affect physiological functions.
3. Which term describes the process by which the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced
before it reaches the systemic circulation, typically by the liver?
A. First-pass effect
B. Excretion
C. Distribution
D. Bioavailability
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when an oral medication is absorbed
from the GI tract and carried to the liver via the portal circulation. The liver metabolizes a
significant portion of the drug before it ever reaches the rest of the body. This phenomenon
explains why oral doses of certain drugs must be much higher than IV doses.
4. When administering ear drops to a 2-year-old child, how should the nurse manipulate the
pinna?
A. Pull it straight back
B. Pull it up and back
, C. Pull it down and back
D. Pull it forward and down
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: For children under the age of 3, the ear canal is positioned differently
than in adults. Pulling the pinna down and back helps straighten the external auditory
canal for better medication penetration. In contrast, for adults and children over 3, the
pinna is pulled up and back.
5. What is the primary site for drug metabolism in the human body?
A. Liver
B. Small Intestine
C. Kidneys
D. Lungs
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The liver is the primary organ responsible for the metabolism of
drugs through various enzyme systems, most notably the cytochrome P450 system.
Metabolism converts lipid-soluble drugs into water-soluble metabolites that can be
excreted. Impaired liver function can lead to drug toxicity due to decreased metabolic
clearance.
