PNR 105/PNR105 Exam 3 V2 |
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin via IV infusion to a client. What is the most
important action to prevent ‘Red Man Syndrome’ during administration?
A. Pre-medicate the client with an oral corticosteroid.
B. Check the client’s peak and trough levels immediately.
C. Dilute the medication in 50 mL of normal saline.
D. Administer the dose over at least 60 minutes.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Red Man Syndrome is a common infusion-related reaction that
occurs when vancomycin is administered too rapidly. To minimize this risk, the nurse must
ensure the medication is infused slowly over a minimum of 60 minutes or according to
hospital policy. Slowing the rate allows the body to tolerate the histamine release that
causes flushing and pruritus.
2. A client is prescribed both NPH insulin and Regular insulin to be administered before
breakfast. Which technique for mixing these insulins is correct?
A. Draw the NPH insulin into the syringe first.
B. Mix the insulins in the vial before drawing the dose.
,C. Draw each insulin into a separate syringe and give two shots.
D. Draw the Regular insulin into the syringe first.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: When mixing insulin, the clear (Regular) insulin should always be
drawn into the syringe before the cloudy (NPH) insulin to prevent contamination of the
clear vial. This sequence is often remembered by the mnemonic ‘Clear to Cloudy.’ Proper
technique ensures the pharmacological integrity of both the short-acting and intermediate-
acting doses.
3. A nurse is assessing a client who is taking digoxin 0.25 mg daily. Which assessment finding
is most indicative of digoxin toxicity?
A. Increased appetite and weight gain.
B. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
C. Constipation and dry mouth.
D. Visual disturbances such as seeing yellow halos.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Visual changes, specifically yellow-green halos or blurred vision, are
classic signs of digoxin toxicity that require immediate intervention. Other early symptoms
include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. The nurse must check
the serum digoxin level and assess the client’s potassium level, as hypokalemia increases
the risk of toxicity.
, 4. A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide 40 mg PO daily. Which dietary
instruction is most appropriate for this medication?
A. Limit intake of foods high in vitamin K.
B. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas.
C. Avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium.
D. Decrease daily water intake to 500 mL.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes the excretion of sodium,
water, and potassium, leading to a risk of hypokalemia. Clients are encouraged to eat foods
high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, and potatoes, to maintain normal electrolyte
levels. The nurse should monitor for symptoms of low potassium, such as muscle weakness
or cardiac arrhythmias.
5. Which side effect should the nurse instruct a client to expect after using an albuterol
inhaler for an acute asthma attack?
A. Drowsiness and sedation.
B. Oral fungal infections.
C. Bradycardia and hypotension.
D. Increased heart rate and nervousness.
Correct Answer: D
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin via IV infusion to a client. What is the most
important action to prevent ‘Red Man Syndrome’ during administration?
A. Pre-medicate the client with an oral corticosteroid.
B. Check the client’s peak and trough levels immediately.
C. Dilute the medication in 50 mL of normal saline.
D. Administer the dose over at least 60 minutes.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Red Man Syndrome is a common infusion-related reaction that
occurs when vancomycin is administered too rapidly. To minimize this risk, the nurse must
ensure the medication is infused slowly over a minimum of 60 minutes or according to
hospital policy. Slowing the rate allows the body to tolerate the histamine release that
causes flushing and pruritus.
2. A client is prescribed both NPH insulin and Regular insulin to be administered before
breakfast. Which technique for mixing these insulins is correct?
A. Draw the NPH insulin into the syringe first.
B. Mix the insulins in the vial before drawing the dose.
,C. Draw each insulin into a separate syringe and give two shots.
D. Draw the Regular insulin into the syringe first.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: When mixing insulin, the clear (Regular) insulin should always be
drawn into the syringe before the cloudy (NPH) insulin to prevent contamination of the
clear vial. This sequence is often remembered by the mnemonic ‘Clear to Cloudy.’ Proper
technique ensures the pharmacological integrity of both the short-acting and intermediate-
acting doses.
3. A nurse is assessing a client who is taking digoxin 0.25 mg daily. Which assessment finding
is most indicative of digoxin toxicity?
A. Increased appetite and weight gain.
B. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
C. Constipation and dry mouth.
D. Visual disturbances such as seeing yellow halos.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Visual changes, specifically yellow-green halos or blurred vision, are
classic signs of digoxin toxicity that require immediate intervention. Other early symptoms
include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. The nurse must check
the serum digoxin level and assess the client’s potassium level, as hypokalemia increases
the risk of toxicity.
, 4. A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide 40 mg PO daily. Which dietary
instruction is most appropriate for this medication?
A. Limit intake of foods high in vitamin K.
B. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas.
C. Avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium.
D. Decrease daily water intake to 500 mL.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes the excretion of sodium,
water, and potassium, leading to a risk of hypokalemia. Clients are encouraged to eat foods
high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, and potatoes, to maintain normal electrolyte
levels. The nurse should monitor for symptoms of low potassium, such as muscle weakness
or cardiac arrhythmias.
5. Which side effect should the nurse instruct a client to expect after using an albuterol
inhaler for an acute asthma attack?
A. Drowsiness and sedation.
B. Oral fungal infections.
C. Bradycardia and hypotension.
D. Increased heart rate and nervousness.
Correct Answer: D
