PNR 105/PNR105 Exam 4 V1 |
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A patient is prescribed Albuterol (Proventil) for the treatment of acute bronchospasm.
Which of the following side effects should the nurse prioritize during assessment?
A. Bradycardia and lethargy
B. Dry mouth and constipation
C. Hypoglycemia and tremors
D. Tachycardia and palpitations
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that stimulates the
sympathetic nervous system to provide bronchodilation. While it is selective for beta-2
receptors, high doses or systemic absorption can stimulate beta-1 receptors in the heart.
This leads to common side effects such as tachycardia, tremors, and cardiac palpitations
that require monitoring.
2. When educating a patient on the administration of Levothyroxine (Synthroid), what time of
day should the nurse recommend?
A. With lunch to prevent gastric irritation
B. Immediately following the evening meal
,C. At bedtime with a glass of warm milk
D. In the morning, 30-60 minutes before breakfast
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Levothyroxine absorption is significantly altered by the presence of
food and certain minerals in the stomach. Taking the medication on an empty stomach in
the morning ensures maximum bioavailability and consistency in hormone levels. Patients
should wait at least 30 to 60 minutes before consuming food or other medications to
maintain therapeutic efficacy.
3. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is scheduled for a CT scan with IV contrast. Which
medication must the nurse ensure is held for 48 hours following the procedure?
A. Glipizide
B. Pioglitazone
C. Metformin
D. Insulin Glargine
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Metformin (Glucophage) is primarily excreted by the kidneys and can
interact with iodine-based contrast media used in imaging. The combination increases the
risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and subsequent lactic acidosis. It is standard protocol
to hold Metformin on the day of the procedure and for 48 hours afterward until renal
function is confirmed as normal.
, 4. What is the primary mechanism of action for Omeprazole (Prilosec) in treating Peptic Ulcer
Disease?
A. Neutralizing existing gastric acid in the stomach
B. Creating a physical protective barrier over the ulcer site
C. Blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells
D. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase pump
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Omeprazole is a Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses gastric
acid secretion by inhibiting the enzyme system known as the proton pump. This action
occurs at the final stage of acid production, making it more potent than H2 blockers. By
reducing the acidity of the gastric environment, it allows the esophageal or gastric mucosa
to heal effectively.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer Insulin Lispro (Humalog). When should the nurse instruct
the patient to eat?
A. Within 15 minutes of the injection
B. 30 to 45 minutes after the injection
C. One hour prior to the injection
D. Only when symptoms of hyperglycemia appear
Correct Answer: A
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A patient is prescribed Albuterol (Proventil) for the treatment of acute bronchospasm.
Which of the following side effects should the nurse prioritize during assessment?
A. Bradycardia and lethargy
B. Dry mouth and constipation
C. Hypoglycemia and tremors
D. Tachycardia and palpitations
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that stimulates the
sympathetic nervous system to provide bronchodilation. While it is selective for beta-2
receptors, high doses or systemic absorption can stimulate beta-1 receptors in the heart.
This leads to common side effects such as tachycardia, tremors, and cardiac palpitations
that require monitoring.
2. When educating a patient on the administration of Levothyroxine (Synthroid), what time of
day should the nurse recommend?
A. With lunch to prevent gastric irritation
B. Immediately following the evening meal
,C. At bedtime with a glass of warm milk
D. In the morning, 30-60 minutes before breakfast
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Levothyroxine absorption is significantly altered by the presence of
food and certain minerals in the stomach. Taking the medication on an empty stomach in
the morning ensures maximum bioavailability and consistency in hormone levels. Patients
should wait at least 30 to 60 minutes before consuming food or other medications to
maintain therapeutic efficacy.
3. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is scheduled for a CT scan with IV contrast. Which
medication must the nurse ensure is held for 48 hours following the procedure?
A. Glipizide
B. Pioglitazone
C. Metformin
D. Insulin Glargine
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Metformin (Glucophage) is primarily excreted by the kidneys and can
interact with iodine-based contrast media used in imaging. The combination increases the
risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and subsequent lactic acidosis. It is standard protocol
to hold Metformin on the day of the procedure and for 48 hours afterward until renal
function is confirmed as normal.
, 4. What is the primary mechanism of action for Omeprazole (Prilosec) in treating Peptic Ulcer
Disease?
A. Neutralizing existing gastric acid in the stomach
B. Creating a physical protective barrier over the ulcer site
C. Blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells
D. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase pump
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Omeprazole is a Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses gastric
acid secretion by inhibiting the enzyme system known as the proton pump. This action
occurs at the final stage of acid production, making it more potent than H2 blockers. By
reducing the acidity of the gastric environment, it allows the esophageal or gastric mucosa
to heal effectively.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer Insulin Lispro (Humalog). When should the nurse instruct
the patient to eat?
A. Within 15 minutes of the injection
B. 30 to 45 minutes after the injection
C. One hour prior to the injection
D. Only when symptoms of hyperglycemia appear
Correct Answer: A
