PNR 106/PNR106 Exam 1 V3 | Foundations
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is conducting an initial interview with a newly admitted patient. Which phase of
the nursing process is the nurse currently performing?
A. Implementation
B. Diagnosis
C. Assessment
D. Planning
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The assessment phase is the first step of the nursing process and
involves the systematic collection of patient data. This phase allows the nurse to establish a
database about the patient’s response to health concerns or illness. Accurate assessment is
critical because it forms the basis for the entire nursing care plan.
2. A student nurse is studying the history of nursing. Who is credited with establishing the
first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
,D. Mary Mahoney
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing
for her role in professionalizing the field. She established the first school of nursing and
emphasized the importance of sanitation and environmental factors in patient recovery.
Her principles continue to influence nursing practice and education in the present day.
3. A patient tells the nurse, ‘I am very nervous about my surgery tomorrow.’ Which response
by the nurse is an example of therapeutic communication?
A. Don’t worry, you have the best surgeon in the hospital.
B. Why do you feel so nervous about it?
C. It sounds like you are feeling anxious about the procedure.
D. You should focus on how much better you will feel after.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Using reflection and paraphrasing helps validate the patient’s feelings
and encourages further expression. Avoiding ‘why’ questions and false reassurance
maintains an open and trusting nurse-patient relationship. This technique allows the
patient to elaborate on their concerns without feeling judged or dismissed.
4. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs should the nurse
prioritize first?
A. Physiological needs
, B. Love and belonging needs
C. Self-esteem needs
D. Safety and security needs
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Physiological needs such as oxygen, water, food, and elimination are
the foundation of Maslow’s pyramid. These basic survival needs must be addressed before
the patient can focus on higher-level psychological or social needs. Prioritizing
physiological stability is a core principle in providing safe and effective nursing care.
5. A nurse is documenting in a patient’s medical record. Which of the following entries
represents objective data?
A. The patient states they feel dizzy when standing.
B. The patient reports a pain level of 8 out of 10.
C. The patient’s blood pressure is 142/88 mmHg.
D. The patient complains of being thirsty.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Objective data are observable and measurable signs that can be
verified by another person. Examples include vital signs, physical examination findings, and
laboratory results. In contrast, subjective data consist of the patient’s personal perceptions
and feelings, which cannot be directly measured.
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is conducting an initial interview with a newly admitted patient. Which phase of
the nursing process is the nurse currently performing?
A. Implementation
B. Diagnosis
C. Assessment
D. Planning
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The assessment phase is the first step of the nursing process and
involves the systematic collection of patient data. This phase allows the nurse to establish a
database about the patient’s response to health concerns or illness. Accurate assessment is
critical because it forms the basis for the entire nursing care plan.
2. A student nurse is studying the history of nursing. Who is credited with establishing the
first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
,D. Mary Mahoney
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing
for her role in professionalizing the field. She established the first school of nursing and
emphasized the importance of sanitation and environmental factors in patient recovery.
Her principles continue to influence nursing practice and education in the present day.
3. A patient tells the nurse, ‘I am very nervous about my surgery tomorrow.’ Which response
by the nurse is an example of therapeutic communication?
A. Don’t worry, you have the best surgeon in the hospital.
B. Why do you feel so nervous about it?
C. It sounds like you are feeling anxious about the procedure.
D. You should focus on how much better you will feel after.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Using reflection and paraphrasing helps validate the patient’s feelings
and encourages further expression. Avoiding ‘why’ questions and false reassurance
maintains an open and trusting nurse-patient relationship. This technique allows the
patient to elaborate on their concerns without feeling judged or dismissed.
4. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs should the nurse
prioritize first?
A. Physiological needs
, B. Love and belonging needs
C. Self-esteem needs
D. Safety and security needs
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Physiological needs such as oxygen, water, food, and elimination are
the foundation of Maslow’s pyramid. These basic survival needs must be addressed before
the patient can focus on higher-level psychological or social needs. Prioritizing
physiological stability is a core principle in providing safe and effective nursing care.
5. A nurse is documenting in a patient’s medical record. Which of the following entries
represents objective data?
A. The patient states they feel dizzy when standing.
B. The patient reports a pain level of 8 out of 10.
C. The patient’s blood pressure is 142/88 mmHg.
D. The patient complains of being thirsty.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Objective data are observable and measurable signs that can be
verified by another person. Examples include vital signs, physical examination findings, and
laboratory results. In contrast, subjective data consist of the patient’s personal perceptions
and feelings, which cannot be directly measured.
