PNR 106/PNR106 Exam 1 V2 | Foundations
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. Which nursing pioneer is recognized for establishing the first nursing philosophy based on
health maintenance and restoration?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Harriet Tubman
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale is widely considered the founder of modern
nursing. She developed the first organized program for training nurses and her philosophy
focused on environmental factors and health maintenance. Her work during the Crimean
War established the foundation for nursing as a respected profession.
2. In the nursing process, which phase involves the systematic collection of data about the
patient’s health status?
A. Diagnosis
B. Implementation
C. Assessment
,D. Planning
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves
gathering subjective and objective data. This phase is critical because all subsequent steps
of the nursing process depend on the accuracy of this data. The nurse uses physical
examination, interviews, and medical records to complete this phase.
3. A patient states, ‘I have a sharp, throbbing pain in my right hip that gets worse when I
walk.’ This information is classified as:
A. Objective data
B. Secondary data
C. Subjective data
D. Inference
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Subjective data consists of information provided by the patient that
cannot be directly observed or measured by the nurse. This includes the patient’s feelings,
perceptions, and descriptions of symptoms like pain. It is often referred to as ‘symptoms’ in
clinical documentation.
4. Which of the following is an example of objective data?
A. The patient’s blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg.
, B. The patient reports feeling nauseous.
C. The patient complains of a headache.
D. The patient states they are anxious about surgery.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Objective data is observable and measurable information obtained
through physical examination or diagnostic tests. In this case, blood pressure is a concrete
measurement that can be verified by another healthcare professional. It is often referred to
as ‘signs’ in clinical practice.
5. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be met first?
A. Safety and security
B. Self-esteem
C. Physiological needs
D. Love and belonging
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Maslow’s Hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs such as oxygen,
water, food, and elimination as the most basic requirements for survival. These needs must
be addressed before higher-level needs like safety or self-actualization can be pursued. In
nursing, prioritizing physiological stability is fundamental to patient care.
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. Which nursing pioneer is recognized for establishing the first nursing philosophy based on
health maintenance and restoration?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Harriet Tubman
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale is widely considered the founder of modern
nursing. She developed the first organized program for training nurses and her philosophy
focused on environmental factors and health maintenance. Her work during the Crimean
War established the foundation for nursing as a respected profession.
2. In the nursing process, which phase involves the systematic collection of data about the
patient’s health status?
A. Diagnosis
B. Implementation
C. Assessment
,D. Planning
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves
gathering subjective and objective data. This phase is critical because all subsequent steps
of the nursing process depend on the accuracy of this data. The nurse uses physical
examination, interviews, and medical records to complete this phase.
3. A patient states, ‘I have a sharp, throbbing pain in my right hip that gets worse when I
walk.’ This information is classified as:
A. Objective data
B. Secondary data
C. Subjective data
D. Inference
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Subjective data consists of information provided by the patient that
cannot be directly observed or measured by the nurse. This includes the patient’s feelings,
perceptions, and descriptions of symptoms like pain. It is often referred to as ‘symptoms’ in
clinical documentation.
4. Which of the following is an example of objective data?
A. The patient’s blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg.
, B. The patient reports feeling nauseous.
C. The patient complains of a headache.
D. The patient states they are anxious about surgery.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Objective data is observable and measurable information obtained
through physical examination or diagnostic tests. In this case, blood pressure is a concrete
measurement that can be verified by another healthcare professional. It is often referred to
as ‘signs’ in clinical practice.
5. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be met first?
A. Safety and security
B. Self-esteem
C. Physiological needs
D. Love and belonging
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Maslow’s Hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs such as oxygen,
water, food, and elimination as the most basic requirements for survival. These needs must
be addressed before higher-level needs like safety or self-actualization can be pursued. In
nursing, prioritizing physiological stability is fundamental to patient care.
