PNR 106/PNR106 Exam 1 V1 | Foundations
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. Which nursing theorist is credited with establishing the first nursing philosophy based on
health maintenance and restoration through environmental management?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Sister Callista Roy
D. Virginia Henderson
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory focused on the impact
of the environment on health. She believed that clean air, water, and light were essential for
patient recovery. Her work laid the foundation for modern nursing practice and hospital
sanitation standards.
2. When applying Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to patient care, which of the following needs
should the nurse address first?
A. Physiological needs
B. Love and belonging
C. Self-actualization
,D. Safety and security
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Physiological needs such as oxygen, water, and food are at the base of
Maslow’s pyramid and must be met first. Until these basic survival needs are satisfied, the
patient cannot focus on higher-level needs like safety or belonging. Prioritizing these needs
ensures the physical stability of the patient.
3. A nurse is communicating with a patient who is anxious about an upcoming procedure.
Which statement is an example of therapeutic communication?
A. ‘Don’t worry, everything will be fine.’
B. ‘Why are you so nervous about this?’
C. ‘You shouldn’t feel that way because the doctor is excellent.’
D. ‘Tell me more about what is worrying you.’
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: This is an open-ended statement that encourages the patient to
express their feelings and concerns. It demonstrates active listening and validates the
patient’s emotional state without offering false reassurance. Therapeutic communication
builds trust and helps the nurse identify specific stressors.
4. Which step of the nursing process involves the systematic collection of subjective and
objective data?
A. Planning
, B. Diagnosis
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the initial and ongoing phase where the nurse gathers
information about the patient’s health status. This include physical examination, history
taking, and observing behaviors. Accurate data collection is vital because it forms the basis
for all subsequent nursing decisions.
5. A patient tells the nurse, ‘I have a sharp pain in my right hip.’ What type of data is this?
A. Objective data
B. Inferred data
C. Subjective data
D. Secondary data
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Subjective data consists of information provided by the patient that
cannot be measured directly by the nurse. This includes the patient’s perceptions, feelings,
and descriptions of symptoms like pain. Objective data, conversely, would be things the
nurse can observe, such as a grimace or a vital sign.
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. Which nursing theorist is credited with establishing the first nursing philosophy based on
health maintenance and restoration through environmental management?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Sister Callista Roy
D. Virginia Henderson
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory focused on the impact
of the environment on health. She believed that clean air, water, and light were essential for
patient recovery. Her work laid the foundation for modern nursing practice and hospital
sanitation standards.
2. When applying Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to patient care, which of the following needs
should the nurse address first?
A. Physiological needs
B. Love and belonging
C. Self-actualization
,D. Safety and security
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Physiological needs such as oxygen, water, and food are at the base of
Maslow’s pyramid and must be met first. Until these basic survival needs are satisfied, the
patient cannot focus on higher-level needs like safety or belonging. Prioritizing these needs
ensures the physical stability of the patient.
3. A nurse is communicating with a patient who is anxious about an upcoming procedure.
Which statement is an example of therapeutic communication?
A. ‘Don’t worry, everything will be fine.’
B. ‘Why are you so nervous about this?’
C. ‘You shouldn’t feel that way because the doctor is excellent.’
D. ‘Tell me more about what is worrying you.’
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: This is an open-ended statement that encourages the patient to
express their feelings and concerns. It demonstrates active listening and validates the
patient’s emotional state without offering false reassurance. Therapeutic communication
builds trust and helps the nurse identify specific stressors.
4. Which step of the nursing process involves the systematic collection of subjective and
objective data?
A. Planning
, B. Diagnosis
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the initial and ongoing phase where the nurse gathers
information about the patient’s health status. This include physical examination, history
taking, and observing behaviors. Accurate data collection is vital because it forms the basis
for all subsequent nursing decisions.
5. A patient tells the nurse, ‘I have a sharp pain in my right hip.’ What type of data is this?
A. Objective data
B. Inferred data
C. Subjective data
D. Secondary data
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Subjective data consists of information provided by the patient that
cannot be measured directly by the nurse. This includes the patient’s perceptions, feelings,
and descriptions of symptoms like pain. Objective data, conversely, would be things the
nurse can observe, such as a grimace or a vital sign.
