PNR 108/PNR108 Final Exam V1 |
Gerontological Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Fortis College
1. According to Erikson’s developmental stages, which challenge is primarily faced by older
adults in the final stage of life?
A. Generativity vs. Stagnation
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Integrity vs. Despair
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: In Erikson’s eighth stage, Integrity vs. Despair, older adults reflect on
their lives and either feel a sense of fulfillment or regret. A successful resolution leads to
the virtue of wisdom and acceptance of one’s life cycle. Failure to achieve integrity can
result in fear of death and feelings of hopelessness or bitterness.
2. Which biological theory of aging suggests that cell damage occurs because of the
accumulation of unstable molecules produced during normal metabolism?
A. Wear and Tear Theory
B. Free Radical Theory
C. Programmed Longevity Theory
,D. Cross-Linking Theory
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The Free Radical Theory posits that highly reactive oxygen species
cause cumulative damage to cellular components over time. This oxidative stress is thought
to contribute to the aging process and the development of chronic diseases. Antioxidants
are often discussed in the context of this theory as a potential way to neutralize these
harmful molecules.
3. An older adult patient is experiencing a decrease in subcutaneous fat. For which
complication should the nurse primarily monitor?
A. Hypothermia
B. Increased risk of infection
C. Fluid volume excess
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Subcutaneous fat provides essential insulation to help the body
maintain its core temperature. As this layer thins with age, older adults become more
susceptible to environmental cold and hypothermia. The nurse should ensure the patient’s
room is warm and provide adequate clothing or blankets.
, 4. Which age-related change in the respiratory system increases the risk of pneumonia in
older adults?
A. Increased vital capacity
B. Increased elasticity of lung tissue
C. Thinning of the chest wall
D. Decreased cough reflex
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: A decreased cough reflex makes it difficult for older adults to clear
secretions and foreign particles from their airways. This stagnation of mucus provides a
breeding ground for pathogens, significantly increasing the risk of respiratory infections.
Nursing interventions should include encouraging deep breathing and frequent position
changes to mobilize secretions.
5. When assessing an older adult, the nurse notes that the patient has difficulty hearing high-
frequency sounds. This condition is known as:
A. Otosclerosis
B. Presbycusis
C. Presbyopia
D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: B
Gerontological Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Fortis College
1. According to Erikson’s developmental stages, which challenge is primarily faced by older
adults in the final stage of life?
A. Generativity vs. Stagnation
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Integrity vs. Despair
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: In Erikson’s eighth stage, Integrity vs. Despair, older adults reflect on
their lives and either feel a sense of fulfillment or regret. A successful resolution leads to
the virtue of wisdom and acceptance of one’s life cycle. Failure to achieve integrity can
result in fear of death and feelings of hopelessness or bitterness.
2. Which biological theory of aging suggests that cell damage occurs because of the
accumulation of unstable molecules produced during normal metabolism?
A. Wear and Tear Theory
B. Free Radical Theory
C. Programmed Longevity Theory
,D. Cross-Linking Theory
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The Free Radical Theory posits that highly reactive oxygen species
cause cumulative damage to cellular components over time. This oxidative stress is thought
to contribute to the aging process and the development of chronic diseases. Antioxidants
are often discussed in the context of this theory as a potential way to neutralize these
harmful molecules.
3. An older adult patient is experiencing a decrease in subcutaneous fat. For which
complication should the nurse primarily monitor?
A. Hypothermia
B. Increased risk of infection
C. Fluid volume excess
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Subcutaneous fat provides essential insulation to help the body
maintain its core temperature. As this layer thins with age, older adults become more
susceptible to environmental cold and hypothermia. The nurse should ensure the patient’s
room is warm and provide adequate clothing or blankets.
, 4. Which age-related change in the respiratory system increases the risk of pneumonia in
older adults?
A. Increased vital capacity
B. Increased elasticity of lung tissue
C. Thinning of the chest wall
D. Decreased cough reflex
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: A decreased cough reflex makes it difficult for older adults to clear
secretions and foreign particles from their airways. This stagnation of mucus provides a
breeding ground for pathogens, significantly increasing the risk of respiratory infections.
Nursing interventions should include encouraging deep breathing and frequent position
changes to mobilize secretions.
5. When assessing an older adult, the nurse notes that the patient has difficulty hearing high-
frequency sounds. This condition is known as:
A. Otosclerosis
B. Presbycusis
C. Presbyopia
D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: B
