NURS 251 EXAM SCRIPT UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔human dimensions that compose the whole person - ✔✔physical, intellectual,
environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
✔✔acute illness - ✔✔rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples:
cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
✔✔chronic illness - ✔✔slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support;
examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
✔✔stages-of-illness behaviors - ✔✔Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
✔✔primary health promotion - ✔✔directed towards PROMOTING health and
PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization
clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
✔✔secondary health promotion - ✔✔focus on SCREENING for early detection of
disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found; example: assessing children
for normal growth and development and encourage regular medical, dental and vision
exams
✔✔tertiary health promotion - ✔✔after an illness is diagnosed and treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent complications,
refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to cancer
✔✔maslow hierarchy of needs - ✔✔provides a framework for nursing assessment and
for understanding the needs of patients at all levels; many nursing interventions are
aimed at meeting patients' basic human needs
✔✔Maslows level 1: physiologic needs - ✔✔oxygen, food, water, sex, rest, physical
activity; physiologic needs are highest priority
✔✔Maslows level 2: safety and security needs - ✔✔both physical and emotional
components; being protected from potential or actual harm
✔✔Maslows level 3: love and belonging needs - ✔✔often called higher-level needs;
understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love; feeling of
belonging; unmet needs produce loneliness and isolation
, ✔✔Maslows level 4: self-esteem needs - ✔✔need for a person to feel good about
oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment, and to believe that others also
respect and appreciate those accomplishments; positive self-esteem facilitates the
person's confidence and independence
✔✔Maslows level 5: Self-Actualization - ✔✔acceptance of self and others as they are;
each lower level must be met; focus of interest on problems outside oneself; respect for
all people; focus on strengths and possibilities vs problems
✔✔autonomy - ✔✔respect rights of patients to make health care decisions
✔✔nonmaleficence - ✔✔avoid causing harm
✔✔beneficence - ✔✔benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and harms
✔✔nurse practice acts - ✔✔each state has its own; protects public with legal scope of
nursing practice
✔✔standards - ✔✔used as guidelines for peer review (ANA)
✔✔establishing an effective nurse-patient relationship - ✔✔-reduce anxiety through
therapeutic communication, teaching, and acceptance
-remember that the patient has concerns and needs other medical ones
-communicate with the patient as an individual
-take time to learn about the patient being admitted
-provide for the family participation in all aspects of care
✔✔when does discharge planning start? - ✔✔as soon as the patient comes in the door
✔✔oral temperature for healthy adult - ✔✔37.0 C, 98.6 F
✔✔pulse rate for healthy adult - ✔✔60-100 (80 average)
✔✔respirations for healthy adult - ✔✔12 to 20 breaths/min
✔✔average blood pressure for healthy adult - ✔✔120/80
✔✔intermittent fever - ✔✔temperature returns to normal at least once every 24 hours
✔✔remittent fever - ✔✔temperature does not return to normal and fluctuates a few
degrees up and down
✔✔sustained or continuous fever - ✔✔temp remains above normal with minimal
variations
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔human dimensions that compose the whole person - ✔✔physical, intellectual,
environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
✔✔acute illness - ✔✔rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples:
cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
✔✔chronic illness - ✔✔slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support;
examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
✔✔stages-of-illness behaviors - ✔✔Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
✔✔primary health promotion - ✔✔directed towards PROMOTING health and
PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization
clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
✔✔secondary health promotion - ✔✔focus on SCREENING for early detection of
disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found; example: assessing children
for normal growth and development and encourage regular medical, dental and vision
exams
✔✔tertiary health promotion - ✔✔after an illness is diagnosed and treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent complications,
refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to cancer
✔✔maslow hierarchy of needs - ✔✔provides a framework for nursing assessment and
for understanding the needs of patients at all levels; many nursing interventions are
aimed at meeting patients' basic human needs
✔✔Maslows level 1: physiologic needs - ✔✔oxygen, food, water, sex, rest, physical
activity; physiologic needs are highest priority
✔✔Maslows level 2: safety and security needs - ✔✔both physical and emotional
components; being protected from potential or actual harm
✔✔Maslows level 3: love and belonging needs - ✔✔often called higher-level needs;
understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love; feeling of
belonging; unmet needs produce loneliness and isolation
, ✔✔Maslows level 4: self-esteem needs - ✔✔need for a person to feel good about
oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment, and to believe that others also
respect and appreciate those accomplishments; positive self-esteem facilitates the
person's confidence and independence
✔✔Maslows level 5: Self-Actualization - ✔✔acceptance of self and others as they are;
each lower level must be met; focus of interest on problems outside oneself; respect for
all people; focus on strengths and possibilities vs problems
✔✔autonomy - ✔✔respect rights of patients to make health care decisions
✔✔nonmaleficence - ✔✔avoid causing harm
✔✔beneficence - ✔✔benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and harms
✔✔nurse practice acts - ✔✔each state has its own; protects public with legal scope of
nursing practice
✔✔standards - ✔✔used as guidelines for peer review (ANA)
✔✔establishing an effective nurse-patient relationship - ✔✔-reduce anxiety through
therapeutic communication, teaching, and acceptance
-remember that the patient has concerns and needs other medical ones
-communicate with the patient as an individual
-take time to learn about the patient being admitted
-provide for the family participation in all aspects of care
✔✔when does discharge planning start? - ✔✔as soon as the patient comes in the door
✔✔oral temperature for healthy adult - ✔✔37.0 C, 98.6 F
✔✔pulse rate for healthy adult - ✔✔60-100 (80 average)
✔✔respirations for healthy adult - ✔✔12 to 20 breaths/min
✔✔average blood pressure for healthy adult - ✔✔120/80
✔✔intermittent fever - ✔✔temperature returns to normal at least once every 24 hours
✔✔remittent fever - ✔✔temperature does not return to normal and fluctuates a few
degrees up and down
✔✔sustained or continuous fever - ✔✔temp remains above normal with minimal
variations
