NURS 251 LATEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔carbs - ✔✔-sugars and starches
-organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-lactose is an animal source
-most abundant and least expensive
-classified as simple or complex sugars
-converted to glucose for transport through blood
-50-100g needed daily to prevent ketosis
✔✔protein - ✔✔-required for formation of all body structures
-based on amino acid composition
-animal proteins are complete, plant proteins are incomplete
-RDA for adults is 0.8g/kg
✔✔fats - ✔✔-insoluble in water and blood
-composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- 95% of lipids in diet are triglycerides
-most animal fats are saturated
-most vegetable fats are unsaturated
-digestion occurs largely in small intestine
-most concentrated source of energy in diet
-RDA not established, 20-35% total calorie intake
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔-organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts
-most are active in form of coenzymes
-classified as water soluble or fat soluble
-absorbed through intestinal wall (small intestine) directly into bloodstream
-needed for metablolism
✔✔minerals - ✔✔-inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues
-some function to provide structure in the body, others help regulate body processes
-contained in ash that remains after digestion
-macrominerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
-microminerals include iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine
✔✔water - ✔✔-accounts for between 50% and 60% of adults total weight
-2/3 of body water is contained within the cells (ICF)
-the remainder of body water is extracellular fluid, body fluids
-acts as solvent, aids digestion
✔✔pronation - ✔✔face down; laying on your stomach
✔✔supination - ✔✔face up; laying on your back (spine)
, ✔✔inversion - ✔✔turning foot inward
✔✔eversion - ✔✔turning foot outward
✔✔afferent nervous system conveys info to the - ✔✔CNS; going to your brain
✔✔efferent - ✔✔creates effect and goes to body part from brain
✔✔the efferent system conveys via - ✔✔somatic nervous system
✔✔proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense - ✔✔this informs the brain of the location of a limb
or body part as a result of joint movements stimulating special nerve endings in
muscles, tendons, and fascia
✔✔visual or optic reflexes - ✔✔visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the
person to spatial relationships with the environment
✔✔extensor or stretch reflexes - ✔✔when extensor muscles are stretched beyond a
certain point, their stimulation causes a reflex contraction that aids a person to
reestablish erect posture
✔✔isotonic exercises - ✔✔muscle shortening and active movement
✔✔isometric exercise - ✔✔muscle contraction without shortening
✔✔isokinetic exercise - ✔✔muscle contraction with resistance
✔✔paresis - ✔✔impaired muscle strength or weakness
✔✔paralysis - ✔✔absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment
✔✔hemiparesis - ✔✔weakness of half of the body
✔✔hemiplegia - ✔✔paralysis one half of the body
✔✔paraplegia - ✔✔paralysis both legs
✔✔quadriplegia - ✔✔paralysis of both arms and both legs
✔✔anuria - ✔✔24-hour urine output is less than 50mL; complete kidney shut down or
renal failure
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔carbs - ✔✔-sugars and starches
-organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-lactose is an animal source
-most abundant and least expensive
-classified as simple or complex sugars
-converted to glucose for transport through blood
-50-100g needed daily to prevent ketosis
✔✔protein - ✔✔-required for formation of all body structures
-based on amino acid composition
-animal proteins are complete, plant proteins are incomplete
-RDA for adults is 0.8g/kg
✔✔fats - ✔✔-insoluble in water and blood
-composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- 95% of lipids in diet are triglycerides
-most animal fats are saturated
-most vegetable fats are unsaturated
-digestion occurs largely in small intestine
-most concentrated source of energy in diet
-RDA not established, 20-35% total calorie intake
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔-organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts
-most are active in form of coenzymes
-classified as water soluble or fat soluble
-absorbed through intestinal wall (small intestine) directly into bloodstream
-needed for metablolism
✔✔minerals - ✔✔-inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues
-some function to provide structure in the body, others help regulate body processes
-contained in ash that remains after digestion
-macrominerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
-microminerals include iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine
✔✔water - ✔✔-accounts for between 50% and 60% of adults total weight
-2/3 of body water is contained within the cells (ICF)
-the remainder of body water is extracellular fluid, body fluids
-acts as solvent, aids digestion
✔✔pronation - ✔✔face down; laying on your stomach
✔✔supination - ✔✔face up; laying on your back (spine)
, ✔✔inversion - ✔✔turning foot inward
✔✔eversion - ✔✔turning foot outward
✔✔afferent nervous system conveys info to the - ✔✔CNS; going to your brain
✔✔efferent - ✔✔creates effect and goes to body part from brain
✔✔the efferent system conveys via - ✔✔somatic nervous system
✔✔proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense - ✔✔this informs the brain of the location of a limb
or body part as a result of joint movements stimulating special nerve endings in
muscles, tendons, and fascia
✔✔visual or optic reflexes - ✔✔visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the
person to spatial relationships with the environment
✔✔extensor or stretch reflexes - ✔✔when extensor muscles are stretched beyond a
certain point, their stimulation causes a reflex contraction that aids a person to
reestablish erect posture
✔✔isotonic exercises - ✔✔muscle shortening and active movement
✔✔isometric exercise - ✔✔muscle contraction without shortening
✔✔isokinetic exercise - ✔✔muscle contraction with resistance
✔✔paresis - ✔✔impaired muscle strength or weakness
✔✔paralysis - ✔✔absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment
✔✔hemiparesis - ✔✔weakness of half of the body
✔✔hemiplegia - ✔✔paralysis one half of the body
✔✔paraplegia - ✔✔paralysis both legs
✔✔quadriplegia - ✔✔paralysis of both arms and both legs
✔✔anuria - ✔✔24-hour urine output is less than 50mL; complete kidney shut down or
renal failure
