Biochemistry 402 Exam 1 || 100% Exact Solutions.
catabolism correct answers Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism correct answers Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
catabolism inputs and outputs correct answers inputs: ADP, NAD+ NADP+
Outputs: ATP, NADH NADPH, FADH
anabolism uses _________ reactants to end with _______ products correct answers reduced
inputs, oxidized outputs
metabolic pathways are connected via correct answers energy brokers
examples of oxidized products correct answers CO2, H2O, NH3
examples of reduced products correct answers carbs, fats, food proteins
examples of reduced products after anabolism correct answers cell macromolecules, lipids,
proteins, nucleic acids
Types of energy brokers correct answers NADH,NADPH, ATP
ATP is made from correct answers substrate level phosphorylation
ATP has _______ phosphoanyhydride bonds correct answers 2
ADP has ________ phosphoanhydride bonds correct answers 1
AMP has ____ phosphoanhydride bonds correct answers 0
When the equilibrium is close to 0, the reaction primarily depends on the correct answers
concentration of reactants and products
Which metabolic pathway is irreversible correct answers the highly exergonic ones
ln of number > 1 = correct answers a positive number, endergonic, unfavorable
there will be more products than reactants
ln of number < 1 = correct answers a negative number, exergonic, favorable
there will be more reactants than products
Le Chatelier's Principle correct answers States that if a stress is applied to a system at
equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress.
, When a product is a common intermediate, its concentration in solution will be correct answers
low because it is being used to pull an unfavorable process toward a favorable one (1,3 BPG- 3
PG)
Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP correct answers releases good amount of energy
Why are phosphoryl group transfer reactions of ATP so exergonic? correct answers resonance
stabilization is better in products and the electrostatic repulsions are relieved in the products. So
the reaction will favor breaking these bonds. Also more water interaction in the products
We use Mg2+, Na+, H+ in glycolysis to screen ATP, why? correct answers to control release of
energy. They screen the negative charged groups on ATP and allow for smaller change in G
change so that all that energy released isn't wasted
The sulfur in thioesters experiences the same consequences as ATP phosphoanhydrides but also
the sulfur is different in that correct answers it has a large atomic radius
Why are NADH and FADH2 so willing to give up their electrons vs the NAD+ and FAD+ forms
correct answers They are no longer aromatically stable when they are in the reduced forms, they
would rather give them up to become stable again. This creates a low reduction potential for
these carriers and they are able to donate e-
catabolism is a correct answers convergent pathway
anabolism is a correct answers divergent pathway
valence electrons correct answers The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an
atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.
number of electrons in single bond correct answers 2
Oxidation state equation correct answers # valence electrons- ( # lone pair + # assigned
electrons)
enzymes lower activation energy by correct answers 1. Bringing the reacting molecules together
2. Changing the shape of the substrate molecules - Straining substrate bonds
3. Providing a microenvironment that promotes catalysis
4. Participating directly in the chemical reaction
5. Binding tightly to transition state
ATP hydrolysis is exergonic but not kinematically favored due to correct answers large
activation energy to break those bonds
inorganic pyrophosphatase correct answers catalyzes phosphoanhydride cleavage and ends up
with AMP + PPi
catabolism correct answers Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism correct answers Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
catabolism inputs and outputs correct answers inputs: ADP, NAD+ NADP+
Outputs: ATP, NADH NADPH, FADH
anabolism uses _________ reactants to end with _______ products correct answers reduced
inputs, oxidized outputs
metabolic pathways are connected via correct answers energy brokers
examples of oxidized products correct answers CO2, H2O, NH3
examples of reduced products correct answers carbs, fats, food proteins
examples of reduced products after anabolism correct answers cell macromolecules, lipids,
proteins, nucleic acids
Types of energy brokers correct answers NADH,NADPH, ATP
ATP is made from correct answers substrate level phosphorylation
ATP has _______ phosphoanyhydride bonds correct answers 2
ADP has ________ phosphoanhydride bonds correct answers 1
AMP has ____ phosphoanhydride bonds correct answers 0
When the equilibrium is close to 0, the reaction primarily depends on the correct answers
concentration of reactants and products
Which metabolic pathway is irreversible correct answers the highly exergonic ones
ln of number > 1 = correct answers a positive number, endergonic, unfavorable
there will be more products than reactants
ln of number < 1 = correct answers a negative number, exergonic, favorable
there will be more reactants than products
Le Chatelier's Principle correct answers States that if a stress is applied to a system at
equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress.
, When a product is a common intermediate, its concentration in solution will be correct answers
low because it is being used to pull an unfavorable process toward a favorable one (1,3 BPG- 3
PG)
Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP correct answers releases good amount of energy
Why are phosphoryl group transfer reactions of ATP so exergonic? correct answers resonance
stabilization is better in products and the electrostatic repulsions are relieved in the products. So
the reaction will favor breaking these bonds. Also more water interaction in the products
We use Mg2+, Na+, H+ in glycolysis to screen ATP, why? correct answers to control release of
energy. They screen the negative charged groups on ATP and allow for smaller change in G
change so that all that energy released isn't wasted
The sulfur in thioesters experiences the same consequences as ATP phosphoanhydrides but also
the sulfur is different in that correct answers it has a large atomic radius
Why are NADH and FADH2 so willing to give up their electrons vs the NAD+ and FAD+ forms
correct answers They are no longer aromatically stable when they are in the reduced forms, they
would rather give them up to become stable again. This creates a low reduction potential for
these carriers and they are able to donate e-
catabolism is a correct answers convergent pathway
anabolism is a correct answers divergent pathway
valence electrons correct answers The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an
atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.
number of electrons in single bond correct answers 2
Oxidation state equation correct answers # valence electrons- ( # lone pair + # assigned
electrons)
enzymes lower activation energy by correct answers 1. Bringing the reacting molecules together
2. Changing the shape of the substrate molecules - Straining substrate bonds
3. Providing a microenvironment that promotes catalysis
4. Participating directly in the chemical reaction
5. Binding tightly to transition state
ATP hydrolysis is exergonic but not kinematically favored due to correct answers large
activation energy to break those bonds
inorganic pyrophosphatase correct answers catalyzes phosphoanhydride cleavage and ends up
with AMP + PPi
