NR 402 Final - Dr. Cobb || 100% Valid Solutions.
Outbreak correct answers Eruption or sudden increase that is outside the normal population
levels or ability of forest managers to control
Epidemiology correct answers Study of disease dynamics within populations of hosts
Generalist correct answers Disease causing organism that has a broad host range and can infect
many different species of trees, shrubs, grasses, etc.
Specialist correct answers Organisms that infect only one or a few plants
Systemic Infection correct answers The pathogen reproduces and spreads throughout (Ex. flu
virus)
Localized Infection correct answers Individual parts of the plant are infected (Ex. Mistletoe);
Most tree pathogens are localized
Necrotrophic correct answers Plant pathogen that kills tissue then acquires resources from the
dead organic matter
Biotrophic correct answers Plant pathogen that lives within and feeds off of the products of
living tissues
Hemibiotrophic correct answers Plant pathogen that lives within living tissue, but kills and feeds
off of adjacent dead tissue
Saprotroph correct answers The ability to consume living plants and dead organic matter, which
is helpful for surviving long periods in the environment
Mutualist correct answers Relationship between two organisms can be positive in both
directions, or if one dies so does the other
Obligate correct answers Organism cannot survive outside of a living host, which makes it easily
go locally extinct
Pathogen correct answers All disease causing organisms that rapidly spread within a population
of susceptible trees that results in extensive tree growth, weakening of tree defences to other
threats, or kills a large number of trees
Disease correct answers 'Abnormal' conditions that impede growth, normal function such as
defensive capacity to the multitude of pathogens and insects that interact with trees during their
lifetime
Virulence correct answers Capacity of a microbe (or pathogenic plant) to infect an individual
, Host Competency correct answers plants that support a high amount of spread, and are important
sources of spread or facilitate disease emergence
Host Range correct answers Number of suitable plants a microbe can infect
Vectored correct answers Carried from one individual to another by an independent agent, often
an insect
Dead End Host correct answers Plant that carries a disease causing organism which cannot
spread from the infected host
Hyphae correct answers filamentous structures that form on fungi
Chitin correct answers Rigid, moldable compound found in cell walls and other parts of the plant
(needs enzymes to break it down)
Lignin correct answers Cross-linked phenolic compounds that create complex random array of
component molecules; rigid strong molecules in trees
Hemi-Cellulose correct answers Cross-linked structures that bind together portions of cell walls
and other plant components (smallest component in trees)
Cellulose correct answers provides compression, strength, elastic strength, and flexibility in trees
(Simplest component in trees)
Poikilothermic correct answers Body temperature determined by surrounding environment
Torpor correct answers Low energy resting state in insects; low temperature adaptation
Protostome correct answers Mouth is the first to form
Complete Metamorphosis correct answers when the larval stage has a very different appearance
than the adult
Necrosis correct answers Dead leaf tissue
Individual Tree Health correct answers Scale of inquiry most relatable to human and animal
medicine
Stand/Ecosystem Health correct answers Scale of inquiry most easily relatable to public health
Landscape Health correct answers Scale of inquiry where regional events play out (Ex. climate,
drought, etc.)
Leafy mistletoe (Phoradendron) correct answers Canopy disease with large biomass external to
the plant host
Outbreak correct answers Eruption or sudden increase that is outside the normal population
levels or ability of forest managers to control
Epidemiology correct answers Study of disease dynamics within populations of hosts
Generalist correct answers Disease causing organism that has a broad host range and can infect
many different species of trees, shrubs, grasses, etc.
Specialist correct answers Organisms that infect only one or a few plants
Systemic Infection correct answers The pathogen reproduces and spreads throughout (Ex. flu
virus)
Localized Infection correct answers Individual parts of the plant are infected (Ex. Mistletoe);
Most tree pathogens are localized
Necrotrophic correct answers Plant pathogen that kills tissue then acquires resources from the
dead organic matter
Biotrophic correct answers Plant pathogen that lives within and feeds off of the products of
living tissues
Hemibiotrophic correct answers Plant pathogen that lives within living tissue, but kills and feeds
off of adjacent dead tissue
Saprotroph correct answers The ability to consume living plants and dead organic matter, which
is helpful for surviving long periods in the environment
Mutualist correct answers Relationship between two organisms can be positive in both
directions, or if one dies so does the other
Obligate correct answers Organism cannot survive outside of a living host, which makes it easily
go locally extinct
Pathogen correct answers All disease causing organisms that rapidly spread within a population
of susceptible trees that results in extensive tree growth, weakening of tree defences to other
threats, or kills a large number of trees
Disease correct answers 'Abnormal' conditions that impede growth, normal function such as
defensive capacity to the multitude of pathogens and insects that interact with trees during their
lifetime
Virulence correct answers Capacity of a microbe (or pathogenic plant) to infect an individual
, Host Competency correct answers plants that support a high amount of spread, and are important
sources of spread or facilitate disease emergence
Host Range correct answers Number of suitable plants a microbe can infect
Vectored correct answers Carried from one individual to another by an independent agent, often
an insect
Dead End Host correct answers Plant that carries a disease causing organism which cannot
spread from the infected host
Hyphae correct answers filamentous structures that form on fungi
Chitin correct answers Rigid, moldable compound found in cell walls and other parts of the plant
(needs enzymes to break it down)
Lignin correct answers Cross-linked phenolic compounds that create complex random array of
component molecules; rigid strong molecules in trees
Hemi-Cellulose correct answers Cross-linked structures that bind together portions of cell walls
and other plant components (smallest component in trees)
Cellulose correct answers provides compression, strength, elastic strength, and flexibility in trees
(Simplest component in trees)
Poikilothermic correct answers Body temperature determined by surrounding environment
Torpor correct answers Low energy resting state in insects; low temperature adaptation
Protostome correct answers Mouth is the first to form
Complete Metamorphosis correct answers when the larval stage has a very different appearance
than the adult
Necrosis correct answers Dead leaf tissue
Individual Tree Health correct answers Scale of inquiry most relatable to human and animal
medicine
Stand/Ecosystem Health correct answers Scale of inquiry most easily relatable to public health
Landscape Health correct answers Scale of inquiry where regional events play out (Ex. climate,
drought, etc.)
Leafy mistletoe (Phoradendron) correct answers Canopy disease with large biomass external to
the plant host
