NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
FOR 2026-2027 ASSURED EXCEL!!
1. UTI or Acute Cystitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- cloudy urine
- caused by E. coli
2. Pancreatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-is caused by:
- gallstones (bile duct disorder)
- alcohol
3. Rickets - CORRECT ANSWERS-- a term used for osteomalacia in CHILDREN
- usually due to inadequate or lack of Vitamin D
4. Appendicitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- pain in the lower right quadrant (LRQ)
5. Peptic Ulcer (Gastric) - CORRECT ANSWERS-- occult blood in stool
- coffee-ground vomitus (coffee grains in the vomit)
6. Sprain - CORRECT ANSWERS-- a torn ligament
7. Azotemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-- nitrogen in the blood caused by kidney damage
- excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood, as in renal failure
8. Dislocation - CORRECT ANSWERS-- distortion of joint, usually evident
- bone separated from/deformed at joint
,9. What group is at high-risk for Gout? - CORRECT ANSWERS-- males between 40-50 years
of age
10. What group is at high-risk for Osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-- postmenopausal
women due to low estrogen levels
11. Gastritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- is an inflammation of the stomach that may occur in
many forms such as acute and chronic
- inflammatory disorder of gastric mucosa
- Increases risk of cancer
12. Acute Gastritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- gastric mucosa is inflamed
- may be ulcerated and bleeding
- is usually self-limiting
- may result from infection by microorganisms, allergies to foods, spicy or irritating
foods, excessive alcohol intake, ingestion of aspirin or other NSAIDs, ingestion of
corrosive or toxic substances, radiation or chemotherapy
- signs and symtpoms include:
• anorexia, nausea, vomiting may develop
• hematemesis caused by bleeding
• epigastric pain, cramps or general discomfort
• with infection, diarrhea may develop
13. Chronic Gastritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- characterized by atrophy of stomach mucosa
• loss of secretory glands
• reduced production of intrinsic factor
, - Helicobacter pylori infection is often present
- signs may be vague
• mild epigastric discomfort, anorexia, intolerance for certain foods
- increased risk of peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma
- certaindautoimmuneddisordersdaredassociateddwithdonedtypedofdchronicdgastricdat
rophy
14. SignsdanddSymptomsdofdRenaldCalculid(KidneydStones)d-ddCORRECTdANSWERS--
dstonesdindthedkidneydordbladderdaredfrequentlydasymptomatic
- flankdpaind(backdpaindordareadbelowdthedribs)dduedtoddistentiondofdthedrenaldcaps
ule
- renaldcolicdcauseddbydobstructiondofdthedureter
• intensedspasmsdofdpaindindflankdarea
• radiatingdintodgroindarea
• lastsduntildstonedpassesdordisdremoved
• possiblednauseadanddvomiting,dcooldmoistdskin,drapiddpulse
• radiologicaldexaminationdconfirmsdlocationdofdcalculi
15. GastroesophagealdRefluxdDiseased(GERD)d-ddCORRECTdANSWERS--
dfooddgoesddowndanddmixesdwithdaciddanddgoesdbackdup
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
FOR 2026-2027 ASSURED EXCEL!!
1. UTI or Acute Cystitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- cloudy urine
- caused by E. coli
2. Pancreatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-is caused by:
- gallstones (bile duct disorder)
- alcohol
3. Rickets - CORRECT ANSWERS-- a term used for osteomalacia in CHILDREN
- usually due to inadequate or lack of Vitamin D
4. Appendicitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- pain in the lower right quadrant (LRQ)
5. Peptic Ulcer (Gastric) - CORRECT ANSWERS-- occult blood in stool
- coffee-ground vomitus (coffee grains in the vomit)
6. Sprain - CORRECT ANSWERS-- a torn ligament
7. Azotemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-- nitrogen in the blood caused by kidney damage
- excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood, as in renal failure
8. Dislocation - CORRECT ANSWERS-- distortion of joint, usually evident
- bone separated from/deformed at joint
,9. What group is at high-risk for Gout? - CORRECT ANSWERS-- males between 40-50 years
of age
10. What group is at high-risk for Osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-- postmenopausal
women due to low estrogen levels
11. Gastritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- is an inflammation of the stomach that may occur in
many forms such as acute and chronic
- inflammatory disorder of gastric mucosa
- Increases risk of cancer
12. Acute Gastritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- gastric mucosa is inflamed
- may be ulcerated and bleeding
- is usually self-limiting
- may result from infection by microorganisms, allergies to foods, spicy or irritating
foods, excessive alcohol intake, ingestion of aspirin or other NSAIDs, ingestion of
corrosive or toxic substances, radiation or chemotherapy
- signs and symtpoms include:
• anorexia, nausea, vomiting may develop
• hematemesis caused by bleeding
• epigastric pain, cramps or general discomfort
• with infection, diarrhea may develop
13. Chronic Gastritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- characterized by atrophy of stomach mucosa
• loss of secretory glands
• reduced production of intrinsic factor
, - Helicobacter pylori infection is often present
- signs may be vague
• mild epigastric discomfort, anorexia, intolerance for certain foods
- increased risk of peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma
- certaindautoimmuneddisordersdaredassociateddwithdonedtypedofdchronicdgastricdat
rophy
14. SignsdanddSymptomsdofdRenaldCalculid(KidneydStones)d-ddCORRECTdANSWERS--
dstonesdindthedkidneydordbladderdaredfrequentlydasymptomatic
- flankdpaind(backdpaindordareadbelowdthedribs)dduedtoddistentiondofdthedrenaldcaps
ule
- renaldcolicdcauseddbydobstructiondofdthedureter
• intensedspasmsdofdpaindindflankdarea
• radiatingdintodgroindarea
• lastsduntildstonedpassesdordisdremoved
• possiblednauseadanddvomiting,dcooldmoistdskin,drapiddpulse
• radiologicaldexaminationdconfirmsdlocationdofdcalculi
15. GastroesophagealdRefluxdDiseased(GERD)d-ddCORRECTdANSWERS--
dfooddgoesddowndanddmixesdwithdaciddanddgoesdbackdup
