Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced
Practice Nurse: Chapter Assessment Quizzes
1;4 - After Meiosis, ovum produces how many daughter cells? ____
sperm produces how many daughter cells? ____
1. carcinoma (epithelial)
2. sarcoma (connective)
3. leukemia/lymphoma (hematopoietic) - three types of malignant tumors
5 years old - average age of death in Tay-Sachs disease is?
20 years old - What is the common age of clinical manifestation of Type 2 Neurofibromatosis?
40 years old - What is the average age of clinical manifestation of Schawnnomatosis?
acetylation (enzyme is acetyltransferase) - process of histone uncoiling that involves an enzyme
-uncoiling is required for to allow access for transcription for the expression of genes (turn on)
Acetylcholine - neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle fiber contraction
Acquired mutations - occur in somatic cells and do not affect all the cells in the body. Not
inherited
Acquired mutations (inherited only account for 5-15% of cancers) - Which is more common
mutations for cancer?
Genetic (germline) or Acquired (somatic)
,Active transport - movement from low concentration to high concentration against a
concentration gradient
-uses carrier molecule
-Energy consumed
Active transport example - example = Sodium Potassium Pump
adapt - cells _________ to attempt defying death from environmental factors; goal is to achieve
homeostasis
Allele - base pair variation
Anaphase - Phase of mitosis; Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Anaplasia - loss of differentiation that occurs with cells
angiogenesis - growth of new blood vessels (often seen in cancers to help supply oxygen and
nutrients to the new tumor)
Apoptosis - programmed cell death
atrophy - occurs due to decreased work demands on the cell; decrease in size and number
-causes include: disuse, denervation, endocrine hypofunction, inadequate nutrition, and
ischemia
Autosomal Dominant disorders - - monogenic disorders
- passed from parent to child regardless of gender
- occurs with both homozygous and heterozygous pairs
, ex. Marfan syndrome and Neurofibromatosis
Autosomal Recessive Disorders - - monogenic
- passed from both parents to child regardless of gender
- only homozygous pairs (aa)
- heterozygous (Aa) = carrier
- ex. PKU, Tay Sachs Disease
Benign tumor cells - usually encapsulated and are unable to metastasize
Carcinogenesis - process by which cancer develops
Carrier - person has diseased allele but does not express it; can transmit it to offspring
carriers - Unlike with Autosomal Dominant disorders, autosomal recessive disorders continue
from generation to generation because disease is hidden in _____________
Caseous necrosis - necrotic cells disintegrate but the debris remains in the area for months to
years; cottage cheese like appearance
example: pulmonary tuberculosis
Cell commonalities - 1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Organelles
4. Exchange material with surroundings
5. Obtain energy from organic nutrients
6. Replicate
Practice Nurse: Chapter Assessment Quizzes
1;4 - After Meiosis, ovum produces how many daughter cells? ____
sperm produces how many daughter cells? ____
1. carcinoma (epithelial)
2. sarcoma (connective)
3. leukemia/lymphoma (hematopoietic) - three types of malignant tumors
5 years old - average age of death in Tay-Sachs disease is?
20 years old - What is the common age of clinical manifestation of Type 2 Neurofibromatosis?
40 years old - What is the average age of clinical manifestation of Schawnnomatosis?
acetylation (enzyme is acetyltransferase) - process of histone uncoiling that involves an enzyme
-uncoiling is required for to allow access for transcription for the expression of genes (turn on)
Acetylcholine - neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle fiber contraction
Acquired mutations - occur in somatic cells and do not affect all the cells in the body. Not
inherited
Acquired mutations (inherited only account for 5-15% of cancers) - Which is more common
mutations for cancer?
Genetic (germline) or Acquired (somatic)
,Active transport - movement from low concentration to high concentration against a
concentration gradient
-uses carrier molecule
-Energy consumed
Active transport example - example = Sodium Potassium Pump
adapt - cells _________ to attempt defying death from environmental factors; goal is to achieve
homeostasis
Allele - base pair variation
Anaphase - Phase of mitosis; Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Anaplasia - loss of differentiation that occurs with cells
angiogenesis - growth of new blood vessels (often seen in cancers to help supply oxygen and
nutrients to the new tumor)
Apoptosis - programmed cell death
atrophy - occurs due to decreased work demands on the cell; decrease in size and number
-causes include: disuse, denervation, endocrine hypofunction, inadequate nutrition, and
ischemia
Autosomal Dominant disorders - - monogenic disorders
- passed from parent to child regardless of gender
- occurs with both homozygous and heterozygous pairs
, ex. Marfan syndrome and Neurofibromatosis
Autosomal Recessive Disorders - - monogenic
- passed from both parents to child regardless of gender
- only homozygous pairs (aa)
- heterozygous (Aa) = carrier
- ex. PKU, Tay Sachs Disease
Benign tumor cells - usually encapsulated and are unable to metastasize
Carcinogenesis - process by which cancer develops
Carrier - person has diseased allele but does not express it; can transmit it to offspring
carriers - Unlike with Autosomal Dominant disorders, autosomal recessive disorders continue
from generation to generation because disease is hidden in _____________
Caseous necrosis - necrotic cells disintegrate but the debris remains in the area for months to
years; cottage cheese like appearance
example: pulmonary tuberculosis
Cell commonalities - 1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Organelles
4. Exchange material with surroundings
5. Obtain energy from organic nutrients
6. Replicate
