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If you see painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester of pregnancy,
suspect - ANSWERS-Placenta previa
Risk factors for placenta previa - ANSWERS-previous placenta previa, advanced
maternal age greater than 40, previous cesarean, short interval between pregnancies,
multiparity,previous abortions with curettage, smoking, race (Asian women at greatest
risk), large placenta
In patients with suspected placenta previa, which comes first, a speculum examination
or a confirmatory ultrasound. - ANSWERS-Do the ultrasound first
Fetal blood volume is - ANSWERS-100ml/kg
Changes noted during significant blood loss - ANSWERS-Rising pulse rate
Increase in respiratory rate
Skin changes to pallor
Falling blood pressure (a late finding)
Decreased urinary output
Decreased LOC
Characteristic findings in FHR if mother has a significant blood loss - ANSWERS-
Initially, tachycardia
, Then bradycardia
Sinusoidal-fetal anemia, hypoxia and acidemia
Persistent late decelerations
Percentage of accreta among women with previa - ANSWERS-5-10%
If patient has had 2 or more cesarean sections, the likelihood of an accreta is -
ANSWERS-Greater than 50%
Vasa previa - ANSWERS-Fetal vessels cross the placental membranes in the lower
uterine segment and cover the cervical os
Velamentous cord insertion - ANSWERS-Fetal vessels run across chorion and amnion
without protective Wharton's jelly before entering the placental surface
Succenturiate placenta - ANSWERS-One or more small accessory lobes of placental
vascular tissue in membranes that are attached to main placenta by fetal vessels
Hemolysis - ANSWERS-lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin
HELLP - ANSWERS-Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets
Per AWHONN, patients with placenta previa should not be discharged to home until
they have gone_____hours with not bleeding - ANSWERS-72 hours
Classic symptom of placental abruption - ANSWERS-Painful vaginal bleeding after 20
weeks gestation
Risk factors for placental abruption - ANSWERS-Smoking increases risk 90%
Maternal hypertension 500% increased risk