BIOS 251: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
WITH LAB SEPTEMBER ACTUAL
CUMULATIVE FINAL COMPREHENSIVE
FINAL EXAMINATION WITH QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
NB: 6 Credits Total, With The Lecture Portion Weighted At ~4 Credits And Lab At 2 Credits
Section 1: Orientation to the Human Body (Questions 1–15)
11. Which organ is NOT found in the abdominopelvic cavity?
o a) Stomach o b) Liver o c) Spleen o d) Heart o Rationale: Heart
is in thoracic cavity (pericardial cavity).
12. Homeostasis is best defined as:
o a) A constant internal environment
o b) Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes o
Rationale: Homeostasis involves dynamic equilibrium, not absolute constancy.
o c) An increase in body temperature during infection o d) The response to external
stimuli
13. The elbow is ______ to the wrist.
,o
o a) Distal o b) Proximal o Rationale: Proximal =
closer to point of attachment; elbow is closer to shoulder
than wrist.
o c) Medial o d) Superficial
14. Which cavity is lined by the parietal peritoneum?
o a) Cranial cavity o b) Thoracic cavity o c) Abdominopelvic cavity o Rationale:
Peritoneum lines abdominopelvic cavity; pleura lines thoracic.
o d) Spinal cavity
15. The study of the function of body parts is called:
o a) Anatomy o b) Physiology o Rationale: Physiology =
function; anatomy = structure.
c) Histology
d) Cytology
1. Which of the following represents the correct order of structural organization from simplest to most
complex?
o a) Organ, tissue, cellular, chemical, system, organism o b) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ,
system, organism
o Rationale: Chemical level (atoms/molecules) → cellular → tissue → organ → organ system →
organism.
o c) Cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, system, organism
d) Chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organism
2. The heart is ______ to the sternum.
o a) Anterior
o b) Lateral
o c) Posterior
,o
o
o Rationale:
The sternum
is anterior
to the heart;
thus the
heart is
posterior
(dorsal) to
the sternum.
o d) Superior
3. Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
o a) Parasagittal o b) Frontal o c) Transverse o d)
Midsagittal
o Rationale: Midsagittal (median) plane divides into
equal left/right halves; parasagittal divides into
unequal halves.
4. A cut through the transverse plane would produce:
o a) Superior and inferior sections o Rationale:
Transverse (horizontal) plane separates superior from
inferior.
o b) Anterior and posterior sections o c) Left and right
sections o d) Oblique sections only
5. Which body cavity contains the lungs?
o a) Abdominal cavity o b) Pelvic cavity o c) Pleural
cavity
o Rationale: Pleural cavities (part of thoracic cavity)
house the lungs; pericardial cavity houses the heart. o d)
Pericardial cavity
, o
6. The dorsal body cavity houses:
a) Heart and lungs
b) Brain and spinal cord
o Rationale: Dorsal cavity includes cranial cavity (brain) and
vertebral canal (spinal cord).
o c) Digestive organs o d) Kidneys and bladder
7. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
o a) Blood clotting o b) Childbirth contractions o c) Regulation of body temperature
o Rationale: Negative feedback reverses a change (e.g., sweating cools body). Childbirth and
clotting are positive feedback.
o d) Ovulation
8. The abdominopelvic region located directly below the umbilical region is the:
o a) Epigastric o b) Hypogastric
(pubic) o Rationale: Umbilical is center;
hypogastric is inferior to it.
o c) Left iliac o d) Right lumbar
9. Which serous membrane directly covers the surface of the lungs?
o a) Parietal pleura o b) Visceral pleura o Rationale:
Visceral pleura adheres to lung tissue; parietal pleura lines
thoracic wall.
o c) Visceral pericardium o d) Parietal peritoneum
10. A person lying face down is in the ______ position.
o a) Supine o b) Prone o Rationale: Prone = face down; supine = face up.
o c) Anatomical
d) Lateral recumbent
WITH LAB SEPTEMBER ACTUAL
CUMULATIVE FINAL COMPREHENSIVE
FINAL EXAMINATION WITH QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
NB: 6 Credits Total, With The Lecture Portion Weighted At ~4 Credits And Lab At 2 Credits
Section 1: Orientation to the Human Body (Questions 1–15)
11. Which organ is NOT found in the abdominopelvic cavity?
o a) Stomach o b) Liver o c) Spleen o d) Heart o Rationale: Heart
is in thoracic cavity (pericardial cavity).
12. Homeostasis is best defined as:
o a) A constant internal environment
o b) Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes o
Rationale: Homeostasis involves dynamic equilibrium, not absolute constancy.
o c) An increase in body temperature during infection o d) The response to external
stimuli
13. The elbow is ______ to the wrist.
,o
o a) Distal o b) Proximal o Rationale: Proximal =
closer to point of attachment; elbow is closer to shoulder
than wrist.
o c) Medial o d) Superficial
14. Which cavity is lined by the parietal peritoneum?
o a) Cranial cavity o b) Thoracic cavity o c) Abdominopelvic cavity o Rationale:
Peritoneum lines abdominopelvic cavity; pleura lines thoracic.
o d) Spinal cavity
15. The study of the function of body parts is called:
o a) Anatomy o b) Physiology o Rationale: Physiology =
function; anatomy = structure.
c) Histology
d) Cytology
1. Which of the following represents the correct order of structural organization from simplest to most
complex?
o a) Organ, tissue, cellular, chemical, system, organism o b) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ,
system, organism
o Rationale: Chemical level (atoms/molecules) → cellular → tissue → organ → organ system →
organism.
o c) Cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, system, organism
d) Chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organism
2. The heart is ______ to the sternum.
o a) Anterior
o b) Lateral
o c) Posterior
,o
o
o Rationale:
The sternum
is anterior
to the heart;
thus the
heart is
posterior
(dorsal) to
the sternum.
o d) Superior
3. Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
o a) Parasagittal o b) Frontal o c) Transverse o d)
Midsagittal
o Rationale: Midsagittal (median) plane divides into
equal left/right halves; parasagittal divides into
unequal halves.
4. A cut through the transverse plane would produce:
o a) Superior and inferior sections o Rationale:
Transverse (horizontal) plane separates superior from
inferior.
o b) Anterior and posterior sections o c) Left and right
sections o d) Oblique sections only
5. Which body cavity contains the lungs?
o a) Abdominal cavity o b) Pelvic cavity o c) Pleural
cavity
o Rationale: Pleural cavities (part of thoracic cavity)
house the lungs; pericardial cavity houses the heart. o d)
Pericardial cavity
, o
6. The dorsal body cavity houses:
a) Heart and lungs
b) Brain and spinal cord
o Rationale: Dorsal cavity includes cranial cavity (brain) and
vertebral canal (spinal cord).
o c) Digestive organs o d) Kidneys and bladder
7. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
o a) Blood clotting o b) Childbirth contractions o c) Regulation of body temperature
o Rationale: Negative feedback reverses a change (e.g., sweating cools body). Childbirth and
clotting are positive feedback.
o d) Ovulation
8. The abdominopelvic region located directly below the umbilical region is the:
o a) Epigastric o b) Hypogastric
(pubic) o Rationale: Umbilical is center;
hypogastric is inferior to it.
o c) Left iliac o d) Right lumbar
9. Which serous membrane directly covers the surface of the lungs?
o a) Parietal pleura o b) Visceral pleura o Rationale:
Visceral pleura adheres to lung tissue; parietal pleura lines
thoracic wall.
o c) Visceral pericardium o d) Parietal peritoneum
10. A person lying face down is in the ______ position.
o a) Supine o b) Prone o Rationale: Prone = face down; supine = face up.
o c) Anatomical
d) Lateral recumbent
