ETELPMOC • 2 TSET
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Test 2
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — C A R D I A C , R E S P I R ATO R Y, S K I N & P E R I P H E R A L VA S CU L A R
A SS E SS M E N T
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Nursing Fundamentals Test 2
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals Test 2 — Complete TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive Test 2 covers cardiac blood flow, heart sounds (S1-S4, murmurs), auscultation sites, lymphatic system,
peripheral vascular assessment, skin lesions (ABCDEF rule, macule, wheal, annular, zosteriform), respiratory assessment
(wheezes, crackles, stridor, fremitus), heart failure (left vs. right sided), and aging changes.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Test 2 core concepts.
SECTION I — CARDIAC BLOOD FLOW, HEART SOUNDS & AUSCULTATION Part A
1. Veins carry ________ blood, while arteries carry ________ blood.
A. Oxygenated; deoxygenated.
B. Deoxygenated; oxygenated.
C. Mixed; mixed.
D. No blood; no blood.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Deoxygenated; oxygenated.
RATIONALE Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (except pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood
from lungs). Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except pulmonary artery which carries
deoxygenated blood to lungs).
, 2. The correct pathway of blood through the heart is:
A. Left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → pulmonary valve → lungs.
B. Inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery →
lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve.
C. Aorta → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary vein.
D. Pulmonary artery → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aorta.
CORRECT ANSWER B — IVC → RA → tricuspid → RV → pulmonary valve → PA → lungs → PV → LA → mitral → LV →
aortic valve.
RATIONALE Blood enters the right atrium via the inferior/superior vena cava, flows through the tricuspid valve to the right
ventricle, exits through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation, returns
via pulmonary veins to the left atrium, passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, and exits through
the aortic valve into the aorta.
3. S1 heart sound is caused by:
A. Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
B. Closure of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) at the beginning of systole.
C. Ventricles resistant to filling.
D. Blood ejected into a noncompliant ventricle.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) at beginning of systole.
RATIONALE S1 ("lub") is the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of ventricular systole. S2 ("dub") is
closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) valves at the end of systole—loudest at the base. S3 occurs
during early rapid filling (protodiastole). S4 occurs just before S1 when the atrium contracts against a
noncompliant ventricle.
4. The aortic valve is best auscultated at:
A. Second left interspace.
B. Second right interspace.
C. Fifth interspace at left midclavicular line.
D. Left lower sternal border.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Second right interspace.
RATIONALE Valve auscultation sites: Aortic—2nd right interspace; Pulmonic—2nd left interspace; Tricuspid—left lower
sternal border; Mitral—5th interspace at left midclavicular line (PMI). S2 is loudest at the base. A murmur
sounds like a gentle, blowing, swooshing sound.
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Test 2
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — C A R D I A C , R E S P I R ATO R Y, S K I N & P E R I P H E R A L VA S CU L A R
A SS E SS M E N T
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Nursing Fundamentals Test 2
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals Test 2 — Complete TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive Test 2 covers cardiac blood flow, heart sounds (S1-S4, murmurs), auscultation sites, lymphatic system,
peripheral vascular assessment, skin lesions (ABCDEF rule, macule, wheal, annular, zosteriform), respiratory assessment
(wheezes, crackles, stridor, fremitus), heart failure (left vs. right sided), and aging changes.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Test 2 core concepts.
SECTION I — CARDIAC BLOOD FLOW, HEART SOUNDS & AUSCULTATION Part A
1. Veins carry ________ blood, while arteries carry ________ blood.
A. Oxygenated; deoxygenated.
B. Deoxygenated; oxygenated.
C. Mixed; mixed.
D. No blood; no blood.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Deoxygenated; oxygenated.
RATIONALE Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (except pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood
from lungs). Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except pulmonary artery which carries
deoxygenated blood to lungs).
, 2. The correct pathway of blood through the heart is:
A. Left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → pulmonary valve → lungs.
B. Inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery →
lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve.
C. Aorta → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary vein.
D. Pulmonary artery → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aorta.
CORRECT ANSWER B — IVC → RA → tricuspid → RV → pulmonary valve → PA → lungs → PV → LA → mitral → LV →
aortic valve.
RATIONALE Blood enters the right atrium via the inferior/superior vena cava, flows through the tricuspid valve to the right
ventricle, exits through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation, returns
via pulmonary veins to the left atrium, passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, and exits through
the aortic valve into the aorta.
3. S1 heart sound is caused by:
A. Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
B. Closure of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) at the beginning of systole.
C. Ventricles resistant to filling.
D. Blood ejected into a noncompliant ventricle.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) at beginning of systole.
RATIONALE S1 ("lub") is the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of ventricular systole. S2 ("dub") is
closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) valves at the end of systole—loudest at the base. S3 occurs
during early rapid filling (protodiastole). S4 occurs just before S1 when the atrium contracts against a
noncompliant ventricle.
4. The aortic valve is best auscultated at:
A. Second left interspace.
B. Second right interspace.
C. Fifth interspace at left midclavicular line.
D. Left lower sternal border.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Second right interspace.
RATIONALE Valve auscultation sites: Aortic—2nd right interspace; Pulmonic—2nd left interspace; Tricuspid—left lower
sternal border; Mitral—5th interspace at left midclavicular line (PMI). S2 is loudest at the base. A murmur
sounds like a gentle, blowing, swooshing sound.
