Nursing Fundamentals
3 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 3
E L I M I N AT I O N , I M M O B I L I TY, W O U N D S , PA I N , S U R G E R Y & E N D - O F - L I F E C A R E
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 3 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 90 Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 90 questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
COMPLETE EXAM 3 — ALL QUESTIONS Questions 1 – 90
1. Normal urine characteristics include:
A. Dark brown, foul odor, cloudy, pH 8-9.
B. Pale yellow to amber, aromatic, clear/translucent, pH 5-6 (range 4.5-8), specific gravity 1.015-1.025.
C. Colorless, odorless, pH 7.0.
D. Bright yellow with sediment, pH 4.0.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Pale yellow to amber, aromatic, clear/translucent, pH 5-6, specific gravity 1.015-1.025.
RATIONALE Normal urine is sterile when produced. Darker/concentrated urine suggests dehydration; dilute urine may
indicate overhydration or diabetes insipidus.
2. Normal stool characteristics include:
A. White, odorless, liquid.
B. Brown (stercobilin), pungent odor, soft, semisolid, formed.
C. Black, tarry, foul-smelling.
D. Green, watery, no odor.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Brown (from stercobilin), pungent odor, soft, semisolid, and formed.
RATIONALE Black tarry stool = melena (upper GI bleed). Clay/white = biliary obstruction. Green = rapid transit. Red streaks
= lower GI bleed.
,3. The bowel management goal is to:
A. Achieve daily liquid stools.
B. Maintain normal bowel movements and prevent constipation.
C. Eliminate all bowel sounds.
D. Restrict all dietary fiber.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Maintain normal bowel elimination patterns and prevent constipation.
RATIONALE Health promotion: fluids, fiber, exercise, toileting schedule, regular meals. Avoid ignoring the urge to
defecate.
4. Health promotion interventions for elimination include all EXCEPT:
A. Maintain fluid intake and strengthen muscle tone.
B. Promote ambulation and toileting schedule.
C. High-fiber diet and regular meals.
D. Limit fluid intake and encourage bed rest.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Limiting fluids and bed rest INCREASE constipation risk. Promote fluids, fiber, exercise, and
routine toileting.
RATIONALE Adequate hydration (1,500-2,000 mL/day unless restricted), fiber (20-35 g/day), and physical activity promote
regular bowel elimination.
5. Anuria is defined as urine output:
A. <400 mL in 24 hours.
B. <50 mL in 24 hours.
C. >2,500 mL in 24 hours.
D. 1,200-1,500 mL in 24 hours.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Anuria = <50 mL/24hr. Oliguria = <400 mL/24hr. Polyuria = >2,500 mL/24hr. Normal = 1,200-1,500
mL/24hr.
RATIONALE Anuria is a medical emergency indicating severe kidney impairment or obstruction. Oliguria may indicate
dehydration or acute kidney injury.
6. Dysuria refers to:
A. Blood in the urine.
B. Painful or difficult urination.
C. Glucose in the urine.
D. Nighttime urination.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Dysuria = painful/difficult urination (common in UTIs). Hematuria = blood. Glycosuria = glucose.
Nocturia = nighttime urination.
RATIONALE Urinary assessment includes I&O monitoring, bladder scan for post-void residual (PVR), and point-of-care
testing (POCT).
, 7. Catheter safety primarily focuses on:
A. Using clean technique for insertion.
B. Maintaining sterile technique to prevent CAUTI (catheter-associated urinary tract infection).
C. Changing the catheter daily.
D. Clamping the catheter during transport.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Sterile technique during insertion and maintenance prevents CAUTI, the most common HAI.
RATIONALE Keep collection bag below bladder level. Avoid unnecessary catheter use. Remove as soon as clinically
indicated. Perineal care daily.
8. Paralytic ileus is:
A. Hyperactive peristalsis causing diarrhea.
B. Temporary paralysis of intestines with no peristalsis.
C. A mechanical bowel obstruction.
D. Inflammation of the colon.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis, often post-operative or due to electrolyte
imbalances.
RATIONALE Signs: absent bowel sounds, abdominal distention, no flatus/stool. Treatment: NPO, NG tube, ambulation,
correct underlying cause.
9. Fecal occult blood testing detects:
A. Visible blood in stool.
B. Hidden (microscopic) blood in stool — point-of-care test (POCT).
C. Bacteria in stool.
D. Parasites in stool.
CORRECT ANSWER B — FOBT/FIT detects microscopic blood not visible to the naked eye. Positive = blue color change on
Hemoccult card.
RATIONALE Used for colorectal cancer screening. Avoid red meat, NSAIDs, vitamin C, and turnips 48-72 hours before
testing.
10. Ostomy types include all EXCEPT:
A. Sigmoid, descending, transverse, and ascending colostomy.
B. Ileostomy.
C. Nephrostomy (this is a urinary diversion, not a bowel ostomy).
D. All are bowel ostomies.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Nephrostomy is a urinary diversion. Colostomy types: sigmoid, descending, transverse,
ascending. Ileostomy = small intestine.
RATIONALE Ostomy complications: infection, skin breakdown, stenosis, prolapse, parastomal hernia. Diet: avoid
gas/blockage foods; eat foods that thicken stool and reduce odor.
3 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 3
E L I M I N AT I O N , I M M O B I L I TY, W O U N D S , PA I N , S U R G E R Y & E N D - O F - L I F E C A R E
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 3 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 90 Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 90 questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
COMPLETE EXAM 3 — ALL QUESTIONS Questions 1 – 90
1. Normal urine characteristics include:
A. Dark brown, foul odor, cloudy, pH 8-9.
B. Pale yellow to amber, aromatic, clear/translucent, pH 5-6 (range 4.5-8), specific gravity 1.015-1.025.
C. Colorless, odorless, pH 7.0.
D. Bright yellow with sediment, pH 4.0.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Pale yellow to amber, aromatic, clear/translucent, pH 5-6, specific gravity 1.015-1.025.
RATIONALE Normal urine is sterile when produced. Darker/concentrated urine suggests dehydration; dilute urine may
indicate overhydration or diabetes insipidus.
2. Normal stool characteristics include:
A. White, odorless, liquid.
B. Brown (stercobilin), pungent odor, soft, semisolid, formed.
C. Black, tarry, foul-smelling.
D. Green, watery, no odor.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Brown (from stercobilin), pungent odor, soft, semisolid, and formed.
RATIONALE Black tarry stool = melena (upper GI bleed). Clay/white = biliary obstruction. Green = rapid transit. Red streaks
= lower GI bleed.
,3. The bowel management goal is to:
A. Achieve daily liquid stools.
B. Maintain normal bowel movements and prevent constipation.
C. Eliminate all bowel sounds.
D. Restrict all dietary fiber.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Maintain normal bowel elimination patterns and prevent constipation.
RATIONALE Health promotion: fluids, fiber, exercise, toileting schedule, regular meals. Avoid ignoring the urge to
defecate.
4. Health promotion interventions for elimination include all EXCEPT:
A. Maintain fluid intake and strengthen muscle tone.
B. Promote ambulation and toileting schedule.
C. High-fiber diet and regular meals.
D. Limit fluid intake and encourage bed rest.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Limiting fluids and bed rest INCREASE constipation risk. Promote fluids, fiber, exercise, and
routine toileting.
RATIONALE Adequate hydration (1,500-2,000 mL/day unless restricted), fiber (20-35 g/day), and physical activity promote
regular bowel elimination.
5. Anuria is defined as urine output:
A. <400 mL in 24 hours.
B. <50 mL in 24 hours.
C. >2,500 mL in 24 hours.
D. 1,200-1,500 mL in 24 hours.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Anuria = <50 mL/24hr. Oliguria = <400 mL/24hr. Polyuria = >2,500 mL/24hr. Normal = 1,200-1,500
mL/24hr.
RATIONALE Anuria is a medical emergency indicating severe kidney impairment or obstruction. Oliguria may indicate
dehydration or acute kidney injury.
6. Dysuria refers to:
A. Blood in the urine.
B. Painful or difficult urination.
C. Glucose in the urine.
D. Nighttime urination.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Dysuria = painful/difficult urination (common in UTIs). Hematuria = blood. Glycosuria = glucose.
Nocturia = nighttime urination.
RATIONALE Urinary assessment includes I&O monitoring, bladder scan for post-void residual (PVR), and point-of-care
testing (POCT).
, 7. Catheter safety primarily focuses on:
A. Using clean technique for insertion.
B. Maintaining sterile technique to prevent CAUTI (catheter-associated urinary tract infection).
C. Changing the catheter daily.
D. Clamping the catheter during transport.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Sterile technique during insertion and maintenance prevents CAUTI, the most common HAI.
RATIONALE Keep collection bag below bladder level. Avoid unnecessary catheter use. Remove as soon as clinically
indicated. Perineal care daily.
8. Paralytic ileus is:
A. Hyperactive peristalsis causing diarrhea.
B. Temporary paralysis of intestines with no peristalsis.
C. A mechanical bowel obstruction.
D. Inflammation of the colon.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis, often post-operative or due to electrolyte
imbalances.
RATIONALE Signs: absent bowel sounds, abdominal distention, no flatus/stool. Treatment: NPO, NG tube, ambulation,
correct underlying cause.
9. Fecal occult blood testing detects:
A. Visible blood in stool.
B. Hidden (microscopic) blood in stool — point-of-care test (POCT).
C. Bacteria in stool.
D. Parasites in stool.
CORRECT ANSWER B — FOBT/FIT detects microscopic blood not visible to the naked eye. Positive = blue color change on
Hemoccult card.
RATIONALE Used for colorectal cancer screening. Avoid red meat, NSAIDs, vitamin C, and turnips 48-72 hours before
testing.
10. Ostomy types include all EXCEPT:
A. Sigmoid, descending, transverse, and ascending colostomy.
B. Ileostomy.
C. Nephrostomy (this is a urinary diversion, not a bowel ostomy).
D. All are bowel ostomies.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Nephrostomy is a urinary diversion. Colostomy types: sigmoid, descending, transverse,
ascending. Ileostomy = small intestine.
RATIONALE Ostomy complications: infection, skin breakdown, stenosis, prolapse, parastomal hernia. Diet: avoid
gas/blockage foods; eat foods that thicken stool and reduce odor.
