Nursing Fundamentals
2 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam #2
CO M P L E T E R E V I E W : F LU I D B A L A N C E , E L I M I N AT I O N , I M M O B I L I TY, D I A B E T E S , D E L E G AT I O N &
M E D I C AT I O N S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam #2 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 100+ Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and rationales.
COMPLETE FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION — ALL QUESTIONS Questions 1 – 100+
1. Why should patients with fluid imbalance be weighed daily?
A. It is a hospital policy with no clinical significance.
B. Daily weight is the best objective measure of short-term fluid gain or loss (1 kg = 1 L).
C. It replaces the need for I&O measurements.
D. It only matters for dialysis patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Daily weight is the best objective measure of fluid balance. Gains >1-2 lbs/24hr or 3 lbs/week
indicate overload.
RATIONALE Sudden weight changes reflect fluid shifts. Use same scale, same time, same clothing for accuracy.
2. Stress incontinence is characterized by:
A. Inability to reach the bathroom in time due to overactive detrusor muscle.
B. Small urine loss with increased intra-abdominal pressure (coughing, sneezing, laughing) due to weakened pelvic
floor.
C. Continuous, unpredictable loss of urine.
D. Loss occurring at predictable intervals without urge sensation.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Stress = small amounts with cough/sneeze/laugh. Risk factors: menopause, pregnancies, obesity,
pelvic surgeries.
RATIONALE Treatment: Kegels, weight loss, decreased caffeine/alcohol, anticholinergics (oxybutynin), topical estrogen,
pessaries. Urge = overactive detrusor.
, 3. What are the risk factors for stress incontinence?
A. Neurologic disorders and bladder irritation.
B. Menopause, prior pregnancy/deliveries, obesity, and pelvic surgeries.
C. Young age and nulliparity.
D. High-fiber diet and regular exercise.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Menopause, prior pregnancies/deliveries, obesity, and pelvic surgeries weaken the pelvic floor.
RATIONALE Urge incontinence risk factors include neurologic disorders (stroke) and bladder irritation.
4. Treatment options for urinary incontinence include all EXCEPT:
A. Behavioral therapy and Kegel exercises.
B. Weight loss and decreased caffeine/alcohol intake.
C. Increasing fluid intake to maximum levels.
D. Anticholinergics (oxybutynin) and topical estrogen for women.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Increasing fluids indiscriminately is not a treatment. Fluid management, not maximization, is key.
RATIONALE Mechanical devices for stress incontinence include cones and pessaries. Behavioral therapy and pelvic floor
exercises are first-line.
5. Team nursing is defined as:
A. One RN assuming 24-hour accountability for care planning.
B. Care provided by a team led by an RN who coordinates LPNs/LVNs and UAPs, emphasizing collaboration and task
sharing.
C. Each team member performing specific tasks.
D. One RN providing all care for assigned patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Team nursing = RN-led team with LPNs and UAPs. Primary nursing = one RN 24-hour
accountability. Functional = task-based.
RATIONALE Total patient care = one RN provides all care (common in ICU). Patient-centered care emphasizes dignity,
respect, information sharing, and collaboration.
6. Culturally congruent care means:
A. Treating all patients exactly the same.
B. Care that meets the religious, cultural, and social needs of the patient, improving quality of care and patient
outcomes.
C. Using medical interpreters for all patients.
D. Avoiding discussion of cultural differences.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Care tailored to the patient's cultural, religious, and social context improves outcomes and
satisfaction.
RATIONALE SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) facilitates interdisciplinary communication. For
children <3 years, pull ear back and DOWN for ear drops.
2 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam #2
CO M P L E T E R E V I E W : F LU I D B A L A N C E , E L I M I N AT I O N , I M M O B I L I TY, D I A B E T E S , D E L E G AT I O N &
M E D I C AT I O N S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam #2 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 100+ Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and rationales.
COMPLETE FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION — ALL QUESTIONS Questions 1 – 100+
1. Why should patients with fluid imbalance be weighed daily?
A. It is a hospital policy with no clinical significance.
B. Daily weight is the best objective measure of short-term fluid gain or loss (1 kg = 1 L).
C. It replaces the need for I&O measurements.
D. It only matters for dialysis patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Daily weight is the best objective measure of fluid balance. Gains >1-2 lbs/24hr or 3 lbs/week
indicate overload.
RATIONALE Sudden weight changes reflect fluid shifts. Use same scale, same time, same clothing for accuracy.
2. Stress incontinence is characterized by:
A. Inability to reach the bathroom in time due to overactive detrusor muscle.
B. Small urine loss with increased intra-abdominal pressure (coughing, sneezing, laughing) due to weakened pelvic
floor.
C. Continuous, unpredictable loss of urine.
D. Loss occurring at predictable intervals without urge sensation.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Stress = small amounts with cough/sneeze/laugh. Risk factors: menopause, pregnancies, obesity,
pelvic surgeries.
RATIONALE Treatment: Kegels, weight loss, decreased caffeine/alcohol, anticholinergics (oxybutynin), topical estrogen,
pessaries. Urge = overactive detrusor.
, 3. What are the risk factors for stress incontinence?
A. Neurologic disorders and bladder irritation.
B. Menopause, prior pregnancy/deliveries, obesity, and pelvic surgeries.
C. Young age and nulliparity.
D. High-fiber diet and regular exercise.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Menopause, prior pregnancies/deliveries, obesity, and pelvic surgeries weaken the pelvic floor.
RATIONALE Urge incontinence risk factors include neurologic disorders (stroke) and bladder irritation.
4. Treatment options for urinary incontinence include all EXCEPT:
A. Behavioral therapy and Kegel exercises.
B. Weight loss and decreased caffeine/alcohol intake.
C. Increasing fluid intake to maximum levels.
D. Anticholinergics (oxybutynin) and topical estrogen for women.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Increasing fluids indiscriminately is not a treatment. Fluid management, not maximization, is key.
RATIONALE Mechanical devices for stress incontinence include cones and pessaries. Behavioral therapy and pelvic floor
exercises are first-line.
5. Team nursing is defined as:
A. One RN assuming 24-hour accountability for care planning.
B. Care provided by a team led by an RN who coordinates LPNs/LVNs and UAPs, emphasizing collaboration and task
sharing.
C. Each team member performing specific tasks.
D. One RN providing all care for assigned patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Team nursing = RN-led team with LPNs and UAPs. Primary nursing = one RN 24-hour
accountability. Functional = task-based.
RATIONALE Total patient care = one RN provides all care (common in ICU). Patient-centered care emphasizes dignity,
respect, information sharing, and collaboration.
6. Culturally congruent care means:
A. Treating all patients exactly the same.
B. Care that meets the religious, cultural, and social needs of the patient, improving quality of care and patient
outcomes.
C. Using medical interpreters for all patients.
D. Avoiding discussion of cultural differences.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Care tailored to the patient's cultural, religious, and social context improves outcomes and
satisfaction.
RATIONALE SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) facilitates interdisciplinary communication. For
children <3 years, pull ear back and DOWN for ear drops.
