ETELPMOC • 2 MAXE
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 2
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — M O B I L I TY, B O DY M E C H A N I CS , P R E SS U R E I N J U R I E S &
I M M O B I L I TY CO M P L I C AT I O N S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2 — TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Mobility & Immobility
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive Exam 2 covers mobility concepts, body mechanics (alignment, center of gravity, base of support), pressure
injuries (stages 1-4, unstageable, DTPI), immobility effects (cardiovascular, respiratory, GI, GU, musculoskeletal), orthostatic
hypotension, DVT/PE, atelectasis, joint contractures, foot drop, and ergonomics.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 2 core concepts.
SECTION I — BODY MECHANICS, MOBILITY & SAFETY Part A
1. Body mechanics is defined as:
A. Only how to lift heavy objects.
B. The combined effort from the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain posture, alignment, and balance.
C. Only stretching exercises.
D. Only walking techniques.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Combined effort of musculoskeletal and nervous systems for posture, alignment, and balance.
RATIONALE The three key principles of body mechanics are body alignment, balance, and body movements. Proper
alignment is demonstrated when the ear, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle all fall within the same vertical line.
, 2. The center of gravity while standing is located:
A. At the level of the shoulders.
B. Just below the umbilicus, intersecting with the line of gravity.
C. At the knees.
D. At the feet.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Just below the umbilicus, intersecting with the line of gravity.
RATIONALE The center of gravity shifts as a person changes position. Improved stability occurs when the center of gravity
is lower and closest to the base of support. Spreading feet shoulder-width apart and flexing knees improves
stability.
3. Which muscles should be used for lifting?
A. Back muscles.
B. Quadriceps (leg muscles)—the most substantial muscles in the body.
C. Arm muscles only.
D. Abdominal muscles only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Quadriceps leg muscles, the most substantial muscles in the body.
RATIONALE Proper lifting technique: stand close to the object, keep abdominal muscles contracted, maintain head
upright, bow hips slightly and squat, do NOT twist the torso—pivot or side-step, push up from knees using leg
momentum. Bending and twisting intensify spinal force.
4. Orthostatic hypotension is defined as:
A. An increase in blood pressure upon standing.
B. A decrease in systolic BP of ≥20 mm Hg OR diastolic BP of ≥10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of changing to sitting or
standing position.
C. Normal blood pressure response to position change.
D. High blood pressure at rest.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Decrease in SBP ≥20 mm Hg or DBP ≥10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of position change.
RATIONALE Orthostatic hypotension results from gravity pulling blood to lower extremities when changing from supine to
standing. Interventions: sitting up slowly, taking breaks, grippy socks, gait belt assistance. It significantly
increases fall risk.
5. The two Ps (goals) for client positioning and alignment are:
A. Pain and pallor.
B. Promotion and prevention.
C. Pulse and pressure.
D. Position and posture.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Promotion and prevention.
RATIONALE Proper positioning promotes circulation, comfort, and function while preventing pressure injuries,
contractures, and other complications of immobility. All positioning should serve these dual goals.
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 2
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — M O B I L I TY, B O DY M E C H A N I CS , P R E SS U R E I N J U R I E S &
I M M O B I L I TY CO M P L I C AT I O N S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2 — TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Mobility & Immobility
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive Exam 2 covers mobility concepts, body mechanics (alignment, center of gravity, base of support), pressure
injuries (stages 1-4, unstageable, DTPI), immobility effects (cardiovascular, respiratory, GI, GU, musculoskeletal), orthostatic
hypotension, DVT/PE, atelectasis, joint contractures, foot drop, and ergonomics.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 2 core concepts.
SECTION I — BODY MECHANICS, MOBILITY & SAFETY Part A
1. Body mechanics is defined as:
A. Only how to lift heavy objects.
B. The combined effort from the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain posture, alignment, and balance.
C. Only stretching exercises.
D. Only walking techniques.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Combined effort of musculoskeletal and nervous systems for posture, alignment, and balance.
RATIONALE The three key principles of body mechanics are body alignment, balance, and body movements. Proper
alignment is demonstrated when the ear, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle all fall within the same vertical line.
, 2. The center of gravity while standing is located:
A. At the level of the shoulders.
B. Just below the umbilicus, intersecting with the line of gravity.
C. At the knees.
D. At the feet.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Just below the umbilicus, intersecting with the line of gravity.
RATIONALE The center of gravity shifts as a person changes position. Improved stability occurs when the center of gravity
is lower and closest to the base of support. Spreading feet shoulder-width apart and flexing knees improves
stability.
3. Which muscles should be used for lifting?
A. Back muscles.
B. Quadriceps (leg muscles)—the most substantial muscles in the body.
C. Arm muscles only.
D. Abdominal muscles only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Quadriceps leg muscles, the most substantial muscles in the body.
RATIONALE Proper lifting technique: stand close to the object, keep abdominal muscles contracted, maintain head
upright, bow hips slightly and squat, do NOT twist the torso—pivot or side-step, push up from knees using leg
momentum. Bending and twisting intensify spinal force.
4. Orthostatic hypotension is defined as:
A. An increase in blood pressure upon standing.
B. A decrease in systolic BP of ≥20 mm Hg OR diastolic BP of ≥10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of changing to sitting or
standing position.
C. Normal blood pressure response to position change.
D. High blood pressure at rest.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Decrease in SBP ≥20 mm Hg or DBP ≥10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of position change.
RATIONALE Orthostatic hypotension results from gravity pulling blood to lower extremities when changing from supine to
standing. Interventions: sitting up slowly, taking breaks, grippy socks, gait belt assistance. It significantly
increases fall risk.
5. The two Ps (goals) for client positioning and alignment are:
A. Pain and pallor.
B. Promotion and prevention.
C. Pulse and pressure.
D. Position and posture.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Promotion and prevention.
RATIONALE Proper positioning promotes circulation, comfort, and function while preventing pressure injuries,
contractures, and other complications of immobility. All positioning should serve these dual goals.
