ETELPMOC • 2 MAXE
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 2
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — H O L I ST I C C A R E , ST R E SS , I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L &
PRECAUTIONS
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2 — TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Complete Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive Exam 2 covers health & illness views, holistic care, Maslow's hierarchy, homeostasis, stress management,
microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, helminths, protozoa), infection control (medical/surgical asepsis),
transmission-based precautions (contact, droplet, airborne), isolation care, and Healthy People 2030.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 2 core concepts.
SECTION I — HEALTH, HOLISTIC CARE, MASLOW & HOMEOSTASIS Part A
1. The traditional view of health focuses on ________, while the modern view focuses on ________.
A. Whole patient well-being; biological/physical health only.
B. Biological/physical health only; well-being of the whole patient (physical, mental, psychological, spiritual).
C. Spiritual health; physical health.
D. Mental health; social health.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Traditional: biological/physical only; Modern: whole patient well-being.
RATIONALE Traditional views narrowly defined health as the biological/physical state where the body fights infection.
Modern views encompass holistic well-being—physical, mental, psychological, spiritual, and social
dimensions—with illness including any harmful stimuli (stress, relationships, sickness).
, 2. Why should nurses be aware of cultural, educational, and social differences between themselves and their
patients?
A. To avoid biased decisions and ensure patient safety, quality care, and whole wellness needs are met.
B. To make all patients follow the same health practices.
C. Cultural differences are not relevant to nursing care.
D. Only to document in the medical record.
CORRECT ANSWER A — To avoid biased decisions and ensure safety, quality care, and whole wellness.
RATIONALE Cultural competence prevents bias, ensures individualized care, respects patient values, and addresses the
complete spectrum of wellness needs. Minority groups often go unnoticed in disease predisposition and
medication testing, leading to unknown adverse effects and medical nonadherence.
3. The components of holistic care include:
A. Physical and emotional only.
B. Physical, emotional, spiritual, sociological, and psychological.
C. Biological and chemical only.
D. Medical and surgical only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Physical, emotional, spiritual, sociological, and psychological.
RATIONALE Holistic nursing care addresses all five dimensions of the patient: physical (body), emotional (feelings),
spiritual (meaning/purpose), sociological (relationships/community), and psychological (mind/mental
health).
4. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need must be met FIRST?
A. Self-actualization.
B. Love and belonging.
C. Physiological needs.
D. Esteem.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Physiological needs (base of hierarchy).
RATIONALE Maslow's hierarchy from base to top: Physiological (air, water, food, shelter, sleep) → Safety (security of body,
health, employment) → Love/Belonging (relationships, family) → Esteem (confidence, respect, achievement)
→ Self-actualization (morality, creativity, problem-solving). Basic needs must be met before higher needs.
5. The body adapts to maintain homeostasis through all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Fever to overheat pathogens.
B. Sweating to cool the body.
C. Insulin secretion to regulate blood glucose.
D. Ignoring harmful stimuli until illness develops.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Ignoring harmful stimuli until illness develops.
RATIONALE The body actively maintains homeostasis through fever (overheating pathogens), sweating (cooling),
insulin/glucagon (blood glucose regulation), kidney filtration (waste removal), and hormone secretion
(metabolism/puberty). It does not passively ignore harmful stimuli.
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 2
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — H O L I ST I C C A R E , ST R E SS , I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L &
PRECAUTIONS
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2 — TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Complete Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive Exam 2 covers health & illness views, holistic care, Maslow's hierarchy, homeostasis, stress management,
microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, helminths, protozoa), infection control (medical/surgical asepsis),
transmission-based precautions (contact, droplet, airborne), isolation care, and Healthy People 2030.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 2 core concepts.
SECTION I — HEALTH, HOLISTIC CARE, MASLOW & HOMEOSTASIS Part A
1. The traditional view of health focuses on ________, while the modern view focuses on ________.
A. Whole patient well-being; biological/physical health only.
B. Biological/physical health only; well-being of the whole patient (physical, mental, psychological, spiritual).
C. Spiritual health; physical health.
D. Mental health; social health.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Traditional: biological/physical only; Modern: whole patient well-being.
RATIONALE Traditional views narrowly defined health as the biological/physical state where the body fights infection.
Modern views encompass holistic well-being—physical, mental, psychological, spiritual, and social
dimensions—with illness including any harmful stimuli (stress, relationships, sickness).
, 2. Why should nurses be aware of cultural, educational, and social differences between themselves and their
patients?
A. To avoid biased decisions and ensure patient safety, quality care, and whole wellness needs are met.
B. To make all patients follow the same health practices.
C. Cultural differences are not relevant to nursing care.
D. Only to document in the medical record.
CORRECT ANSWER A — To avoid biased decisions and ensure safety, quality care, and whole wellness.
RATIONALE Cultural competence prevents bias, ensures individualized care, respects patient values, and addresses the
complete spectrum of wellness needs. Minority groups often go unnoticed in disease predisposition and
medication testing, leading to unknown adverse effects and medical nonadherence.
3. The components of holistic care include:
A. Physical and emotional only.
B. Physical, emotional, spiritual, sociological, and psychological.
C. Biological and chemical only.
D. Medical and surgical only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Physical, emotional, spiritual, sociological, and psychological.
RATIONALE Holistic nursing care addresses all five dimensions of the patient: physical (body), emotional (feelings),
spiritual (meaning/purpose), sociological (relationships/community), and psychological (mind/mental
health).
4. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need must be met FIRST?
A. Self-actualization.
B. Love and belonging.
C. Physiological needs.
D. Esteem.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Physiological needs (base of hierarchy).
RATIONALE Maslow's hierarchy from base to top: Physiological (air, water, food, shelter, sleep) → Safety (security of body,
health, employment) → Love/Belonging (relationships, family) → Esteem (confidence, respect, achievement)
→ Self-actualization (morality, creativity, problem-solving). Basic needs must be met before higher needs.
5. The body adapts to maintain homeostasis through all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Fever to overheat pathogens.
B. Sweating to cool the body.
C. Insulin secretion to regulate blood glucose.
D. Ignoring harmful stimuli until illness develops.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Ignoring harmful stimuli until illness develops.
RATIONALE The body actively maintains homeostasis through fever (overheating pathogens), sweating (cooling),
insulin/glucagon (blood glucose regulation), kidney filtration (waste removal), and hormone secretion
(metabolism/puberty). It does not passively ignore harmful stimuli.
