ETELPMOC • 1 MAXE
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — M E D I C AT I O N A D M I N I ST R AT I O N , W O U N D C A R E & M O B I L I TY
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Complete Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Fill-in /
Calculation
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive fundamentals exam covers medication administration (IV calculations, 10 rights, routes, pharmacokinetics,
adverse effects), wound care (pressure injury staging, TIME documentation, healing phases, dressings), mobility (body
mechanics, ROM, positioning, immobility complications), and health promotion.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 core concepts.
SECTION I — MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION & CALCULATIONS Part A
1. You have an order for Aldomet 250 mg IVPB in 100 mL D5W to be infused over 45 minutes. The administration set is
labeled 10 gtt/mL. What is the drop rate? (Round to whole number.)
A. 15 gtt/min.
B. 22 gtt/min.
C. 30 gtt/min.
D. 45 gtt/min.
CORRECT ANSWER B — 22 gtt/min.
RATIONALE Calculation: (Volume in mL × Drop factor) ÷ Time in minutes = (100 mL × 10 gtt/mL) ÷ 45 min = 1,000 ÷ 45 =
22.2, rounded to 22 gtt/min. Macro drip tubing typically delivers 10, 12, 15, or 20 gtt/mL. Micro drip tubing
delivers 60 gtt/mL.
, 2. The 10 rights of medication administration include all EXCEPT:
A. Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time.
B. Right assessment, right documentation, right evaluation, right education, right to refuse.
C. Right insurance and right pharmacy.
D. All of the above are included.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Right insurance and right pharmacy are NOT among the 10 rights.
RATIONALE The 10 rights: Right patient, medication, dose, route, time, assessment, documentation, evaluation,
education, and right to refuse. Insurance and pharmacy are not medication administration rights.
3. A therapeutic effect is best defined as:
A. An unpredictable response to a medication.
B. The expected or predicted physiological response.
C. An unavoidable secondary effect.
D. Accumulation of medication in the bloodstream.
CORRECT ANSWER B — The expected or predicted physiological response.
RATIONALE Therapeutic effect is the desired, intended action of a medication. An adverse effect is
unintended/undesirable. A side effect is an unavoidable secondary effect. A toxic event is accumulation
leading to dangerous levels.
4. An idiosyncratic reaction is best defined as:
A. The expected physiological response.
B. An over-reaction, under-reaction, or different reaction from normal.
C. An unavoidable secondary effect.
D. A life-threatening reaction.
CORRECT ANSWER B — An over-reaction, under-reaction, or different reaction from normal.
RATIONALE Idiosyncratic reactions are genetically determined abnormal responses—the patient reacts differently than
the general population. They are distinct from allergic reactions (immune-mediated) and adverse effects
(predictable from pharmacology).
5. A Serious Adverse Drug Event (ADE) is defined as:
A. A mild, expected side effect.
B. A life-threatening reaction requiring medical intervention to prevent death, permanent disability, or congenital
anomaly.
C. An unavoidable secondary effect.
D. A therapeutic response.
CORRECT ANSWER B — A life-threatening reaction requiring medical intervention.
RATIONALE An ADE is life-threatening requiring immediate intervention to prevent death, permanent disability, or
congenital anomaly. A Black Box Warning (BBW) is issued on medications that may produce lethal and
iatrogenic results.
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — M E D I C AT I O N A D M I N I ST R AT I O N , W O U N D C A R E & M O B I L I TY
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Complete Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Fill-in /
Calculation
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive fundamentals exam covers medication administration (IV calculations, 10 rights, routes, pharmacokinetics,
adverse effects), wound care (pressure injury staging, TIME documentation, healing phases, dressings), mobility (body
mechanics, ROM, positioning, immobility complications), and health promotion.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 core concepts.
SECTION I — MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION & CALCULATIONS Part A
1. You have an order for Aldomet 250 mg IVPB in 100 mL D5W to be infused over 45 minutes. The administration set is
labeled 10 gtt/mL. What is the drop rate? (Round to whole number.)
A. 15 gtt/min.
B. 22 gtt/min.
C. 30 gtt/min.
D. 45 gtt/min.
CORRECT ANSWER B — 22 gtt/min.
RATIONALE Calculation: (Volume in mL × Drop factor) ÷ Time in minutes = (100 mL × 10 gtt/mL) ÷ 45 min = 1,000 ÷ 45 =
22.2, rounded to 22 gtt/min. Macro drip tubing typically delivers 10, 12, 15, or 20 gtt/mL. Micro drip tubing
delivers 60 gtt/mL.
, 2. The 10 rights of medication administration include all EXCEPT:
A. Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time.
B. Right assessment, right documentation, right evaluation, right education, right to refuse.
C. Right insurance and right pharmacy.
D. All of the above are included.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Right insurance and right pharmacy are NOT among the 10 rights.
RATIONALE The 10 rights: Right patient, medication, dose, route, time, assessment, documentation, evaluation,
education, and right to refuse. Insurance and pharmacy are not medication administration rights.
3. A therapeutic effect is best defined as:
A. An unpredictable response to a medication.
B. The expected or predicted physiological response.
C. An unavoidable secondary effect.
D. Accumulation of medication in the bloodstream.
CORRECT ANSWER B — The expected or predicted physiological response.
RATIONALE Therapeutic effect is the desired, intended action of a medication. An adverse effect is
unintended/undesirable. A side effect is an unavoidable secondary effect. A toxic event is accumulation
leading to dangerous levels.
4. An idiosyncratic reaction is best defined as:
A. The expected physiological response.
B. An over-reaction, under-reaction, or different reaction from normal.
C. An unavoidable secondary effect.
D. A life-threatening reaction.
CORRECT ANSWER B — An over-reaction, under-reaction, or different reaction from normal.
RATIONALE Idiosyncratic reactions are genetically determined abnormal responses—the patient reacts differently than
the general population. They are distinct from allergic reactions (immune-mediated) and adverse effects
(predictable from pharmacology).
5. A Serious Adverse Drug Event (ADE) is defined as:
A. A mild, expected side effect.
B. A life-threatening reaction requiring medical intervention to prevent death, permanent disability, or congenital
anomaly.
C. An unavoidable secondary effect.
D. A therapeutic response.
CORRECT ANSWER B — A life-threatening reaction requiring medical intervention.
RATIONALE An ADE is life-threatening requiring immediate intervention to prevent death, permanent disability, or
congenital anomaly. A Black Box Warning (BBW) is issued on medications that may produce lethal and
iatrogenic results.
