Nursing Fundamentals
1 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 1
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , H YG I E N E , M O B I L I TY & D O S A G E C A LCU L AT I O N S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 1 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 70+ Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Dosage Calc
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Content covers nursing process, infection control, hygiene, mobility, patient safety, and dosage calculations.
NURSING PROCESS, INFECTION, HYGIENE, MOBILITY & DOSAGE Questions 1 – 70+
1. A nurse is instructing a patient recovering from a stroke on proper use of a cane. Which information will the nurse
include?
A. Support weight on the stronger leg and cane and advance weaker foot forward.
B. Hold the cane in the same hand of the leg with the most severe deficit.
C. Stand with as much weight distributed on the cane as possible.
D. Avoid using the cane to rise from a sitting position, as this is unsafe.
CORRECT ANSWER A — Support weight on stronger leg and cane; advance weaker foot forward. Cane is held on the
STRONGER side.
RATIONALE The cane goes on the opposite side of the weak leg to provide a wide base of support and shift weight away
from the affected side.
2. The nursing process (ADPIE) steps in correct order are:
A. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation.
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
C. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation.
D. Implementation, Evaluation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation.
RATIONALE ADPIE is the systematic, critical-thinking framework for professional nursing practice.
, 3. Subjective data is defined as:
A. Information observed by the nurse through senses.
B. Things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses (symptoms).
C. Vital sign measurements.
D. Laboratory results.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Subjective = patient-reported symptoms. Objective = nurse-observed signs (seen, heard, felt,
smelled).
RATIONALE Pain, nausea, dizziness are subjective. Vital signs, lab values, lung sounds are objective.
4. The chain of infection includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Infectious agent and reservoir.
B. Portal of exit and mode of transmission.
C. Antibiotic prescription.
D. Portal of entry and susceptible host.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Antibiotics are treatment, not a chain link. Six links: agent, reservoir, exit, transmission, entry,
susceptible host.
RATIONALE Breaking any link prevents infection. Hand washing is the single most effective way to break the chain.
5. Modes of transmission include:
A. Only airborne.
B. Contact (direct/indirect), droplet, and airborne.
C. Only contact.
D. Only droplet.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Contact (direct/indirect), droplet, and airborne are the three main transmission routes.
RATIONALE Direct = person-to-person touch. Indirect = contaminated object. Droplet = respiratory particles (3-6 ft).
Airborne = small particles that remain suspended.
6. The stages of infection in correct order are:
A. Prodromal, Incubation, Acute, Decline, Convalescent.
B. Incubation, Prodromal, Acute Illness, Decline, Convalescent.
C. Acute, Incubation, Prodromal, Convalescent, Decline.
D. Convalescent, Decline, Acute, Prodromal, Incubation.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Incubation → Prodromal → Acute Illness → Decline → Convalescent.
RATIONALE Incubation = entry/multiplication. Prodromal = first symptoms. Acute = full manifestations. Decline =
symptoms wane. Convalescence = recovery.
1 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 1
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , H YG I E N E , M O B I L I TY & D O S A G E C A LCU L AT I O N S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 1 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 70+ Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Dosage Calc
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Content covers nursing process, infection control, hygiene, mobility, patient safety, and dosage calculations.
NURSING PROCESS, INFECTION, HYGIENE, MOBILITY & DOSAGE Questions 1 – 70+
1. A nurse is instructing a patient recovering from a stroke on proper use of a cane. Which information will the nurse
include?
A. Support weight on the stronger leg and cane and advance weaker foot forward.
B. Hold the cane in the same hand of the leg with the most severe deficit.
C. Stand with as much weight distributed on the cane as possible.
D. Avoid using the cane to rise from a sitting position, as this is unsafe.
CORRECT ANSWER A — Support weight on stronger leg and cane; advance weaker foot forward. Cane is held on the
STRONGER side.
RATIONALE The cane goes on the opposite side of the weak leg to provide a wide base of support and shift weight away
from the affected side.
2. The nursing process (ADPIE) steps in correct order are:
A. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation.
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
C. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation.
D. Implementation, Evaluation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation.
RATIONALE ADPIE is the systematic, critical-thinking framework for professional nursing practice.
, 3. Subjective data is defined as:
A. Information observed by the nurse through senses.
B. Things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses (symptoms).
C. Vital sign measurements.
D. Laboratory results.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Subjective = patient-reported symptoms. Objective = nurse-observed signs (seen, heard, felt,
smelled).
RATIONALE Pain, nausea, dizziness are subjective. Vital signs, lab values, lung sounds are objective.
4. The chain of infection includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Infectious agent and reservoir.
B. Portal of exit and mode of transmission.
C. Antibiotic prescription.
D. Portal of entry and susceptible host.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Antibiotics are treatment, not a chain link. Six links: agent, reservoir, exit, transmission, entry,
susceptible host.
RATIONALE Breaking any link prevents infection. Hand washing is the single most effective way to break the chain.
5. Modes of transmission include:
A. Only airborne.
B. Contact (direct/indirect), droplet, and airborne.
C. Only contact.
D. Only droplet.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Contact (direct/indirect), droplet, and airborne are the three main transmission routes.
RATIONALE Direct = person-to-person touch. Indirect = contaminated object. Droplet = respiratory particles (3-6 ft).
Airborne = small particles that remain suspended.
6. The stages of infection in correct order are:
A. Prodromal, Incubation, Acute, Decline, Convalescent.
B. Incubation, Prodromal, Acute Illness, Decline, Convalescent.
C. Acute, Incubation, Prodromal, Convalescent, Decline.
D. Convalescent, Decline, Acute, Prodromal, Incubation.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Incubation → Prodromal → Acute Illness → Decline → Convalescent.
RATIONALE Incubation = entry/multiplication. Prodromal = first symptoms. Acute = full manifestations. Decline =
symptoms wane. Convalescence = recovery.
