Nursing Fundamentals
2 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 2
CO M M U N I C AT I O N , OX YG E N AT I O N , I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , S A F E TY, CU LT U R E , S L E E P & S E X U A L I TY
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 2 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 80+ Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Content covers therapeutic communication, oxygenation, infection control, restraints, cultural competence, sleep, and
sexuality.
COMMUNICATION, OXYGENATION, SAFETY, CULTURE, SLEEP & Questions 1 –
SEXUALITY 80+
1. Denotative meaning in communication refers to:
A. The emotional attachment to a word.
B. The dictionary definition of a word.
C. The speed of speaking.
D. Non-verbal body language.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Dictionary definition. Connotative = emotional attachment (e.g., "the nurse was very warm").
RATIONALE Denotative is objective meaning. Connotative is subjective interpretation influenced by personal experience.
2. Elderspeak is:
A. A respectful way of communicating with older adults.
B. A condescending way of speaking to older adults resembling baby talk with exaggerated emphasis and slower rate.
C. A formal interview technique.
D. Therapeutic communication for dementia patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Condescending, baby-talk-like speech that is disrespectful and should be avoided.
RATIONALE Elderspeak diminishes dignity and can increase resistance to care. Use normal adult communication with
respect.
, 3. AIDET is a professional communication framework that stands for:
A. Assess, Identify, Document, Evaluate, Treat.
B. Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, Thank you.
C. Ask, Inform, Discuss, Educate, Teach.
D. Advise, Instruct, Direct, Explain, Train.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, Thank you. Builds patient trust.
RATIONALE AIDET is used to establish rapport, reduce anxiety, and improve patient satisfaction at every encounter.
4. Back channeling includes:
A. Interrupting to ask clarifying questions.
B. Active listening prompts such as "all right," "go on," or "uh-huh" while the other person is talking.
C. Changing the subject.
D. Giving advice.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Active listening prompts that encourage the speaker to continue without interrupting.
RATIONALE Back channeling demonstrates engagement and encourages the patient to share more fully.
5. Room air contains approximately what percentage of oxygen?
A. 10%.
B. 21%.
C. 50%.
D. 100%.
CORRECT ANSWER B — 21% oxygen (FiO₂ = 0.21). Supplemental oxygen increases the fraction of inspired oxygen.
RATIONALE Nasal cannula: 1-6 L/min (24-44%). Simple mask: 6-12 L/min (35-50%). Nonrebreather: 10-15 L/min (60-90%).
Venturi: 25-50%. High-flow NC: up to 60 L/min.
6. If a patient is responsive, the correct emergency response sequence is:
A. CAB: Compressions, Airway, Breathing.
B. ABC: Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
C. Only compressions.
D. Only rescue breaths.
CORRECT ANSWER B — For responsive patients: ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). For UNRESPONSIVE: CAB (start
compressions first).
RATIONALE In unresponsive patients, beginning compressions immediately maximizes cerebral and coronary perfusion.
7. All four side rails raised is considered:
A. A standard safety measure.
B. A restraint.
C. Required for all confused patients.
D. Only for post-operative patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — All four side rails up constitutes a restraint and requires a physician order and documentation.
RATIONALE Restraints require: physician order within 24 hours, face-to-face assessment, specified reason, q2h
monitoring, never PRN.
2 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 2
CO M M U N I C AT I O N , OX YG E N AT I O N , I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , S A F E TY, CU LT U R E , S L E E P & S E X U A L I TY
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 2 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 80+ Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Content covers therapeutic communication, oxygenation, infection control, restraints, cultural competence, sleep, and
sexuality.
COMMUNICATION, OXYGENATION, SAFETY, CULTURE, SLEEP & Questions 1 –
SEXUALITY 80+
1. Denotative meaning in communication refers to:
A. The emotional attachment to a word.
B. The dictionary definition of a word.
C. The speed of speaking.
D. Non-verbal body language.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Dictionary definition. Connotative = emotional attachment (e.g., "the nurse was very warm").
RATIONALE Denotative is objective meaning. Connotative is subjective interpretation influenced by personal experience.
2. Elderspeak is:
A. A respectful way of communicating with older adults.
B. A condescending way of speaking to older adults resembling baby talk with exaggerated emphasis and slower rate.
C. A formal interview technique.
D. Therapeutic communication for dementia patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Condescending, baby-talk-like speech that is disrespectful and should be avoided.
RATIONALE Elderspeak diminishes dignity and can increase resistance to care. Use normal adult communication with
respect.
, 3. AIDET is a professional communication framework that stands for:
A. Assess, Identify, Document, Evaluate, Treat.
B. Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, Thank you.
C. Ask, Inform, Discuss, Educate, Teach.
D. Advise, Instruct, Direct, Explain, Train.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, Thank you. Builds patient trust.
RATIONALE AIDET is used to establish rapport, reduce anxiety, and improve patient satisfaction at every encounter.
4. Back channeling includes:
A. Interrupting to ask clarifying questions.
B. Active listening prompts such as "all right," "go on," or "uh-huh" while the other person is talking.
C. Changing the subject.
D. Giving advice.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Active listening prompts that encourage the speaker to continue without interrupting.
RATIONALE Back channeling demonstrates engagement and encourages the patient to share more fully.
5. Room air contains approximately what percentage of oxygen?
A. 10%.
B. 21%.
C. 50%.
D. 100%.
CORRECT ANSWER B — 21% oxygen (FiO₂ = 0.21). Supplemental oxygen increases the fraction of inspired oxygen.
RATIONALE Nasal cannula: 1-6 L/min (24-44%). Simple mask: 6-12 L/min (35-50%). Nonrebreather: 10-15 L/min (60-90%).
Venturi: 25-50%. High-flow NC: up to 60 L/min.
6. If a patient is responsive, the correct emergency response sequence is:
A. CAB: Compressions, Airway, Breathing.
B. ABC: Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
C. Only compressions.
D. Only rescue breaths.
CORRECT ANSWER B — For responsive patients: ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). For UNRESPONSIVE: CAB (start
compressions first).
RATIONALE In unresponsive patients, beginning compressions immediately maximizes cerebral and coronary perfusion.
7. All four side rails raised is considered:
A. A standard safety measure.
B. A restraint.
C. Required for all confused patients.
D. Only for post-operative patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — All four side rails up constitutes a restraint and requires a physician order and documentation.
RATIONALE Restraints require: physician order within 24 hours, face-to-face assessment, specified reason, q2h
monitoring, never PRN.
