ECITCARP • 1 MAXE
Nursing Fundamentals
NURS School of Nursing — Exam 1 Practice Test
P R O F E S S I O N A L I D E N T I T Y · C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G · C A R I N G · C O M M U N I T Y H E A LT H
EXAM 1
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
CO M P R E H E N S I V E P R A C T I C E E X A M I N AT I O N W I T H V E R I F I E D A N S W E R S & R AT I O N A L E S
INSTITUTION School of Nursing COURSE CODE NURS-FUND-EXAM1
PROGRAM Nursing — ADN / BSN Pathway ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS 80+ Practice Questions
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / Select All That Apply /
Ordered Response
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless "Select all that apply" is indicated.
▸ Questions cover nursing history, professional standards, Benner's proficiency levels, community health, caring theory, chronic
illness, critical thinking, and the nursing process.
▸ Verified answers with detailed rationales are provided for comprehensive exam preparation.
▸ Pay close attention to the distinctions between community-based, community health, and public health nursing.
PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY, CRITICAL THINKING, CARING & Questions 1 –
COMMUNITY PRACTICE 80+
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
A. Mary Nutting.
B. Clara Barton.
C. Lillian Wald.
D. Florence Nightingale.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Florence Nightingale
RATIONALE Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), the founder of modern nursing, pioneered the first correlation between
infection and unclean conditions. She dramatically reduced Crimean War mortality rates by implementing
sanitary conditions and was a pioneering statistician who used meticulous data collection, graphs, and charts
to demonstrate that environmental cleanliness directly impacts patient outcomes. She also established the
first formal nursing education program.
, 2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes. Which standard of nursing practice is
the nurse following?
A. Assessment.
B. Diagnosis.
C. Planning.
D. Implementation.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Planning
RATIONALE The ANA Standard of Practice for Planning states that the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes
strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes. This involves establishing priorities, setting SMART
goals, selecting evidence-based interventions, and communicating the plan to the patient, family, and
healthcare team. The plan must be individualized and patient-centered.
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is the nurse upon
initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
A. Novice.
B. Proficient.
C. Competent.
D. Advanced beginner.
CORRECT ANSWER A — Novice
RATIONALE According to Benner's model, proficiency is context-specific. When an experienced nurse moves to a
completely new specialty area with unfamiliar patient populations, equipment, and protocols, they return to
the novice level for that specific setting. Novice nurses have no experience with the situations in which they
are expected to perform. They rely on rules and need guidance. Experience in one area does not automatically
transfer to proficiency in another clinical domain.
4. A nurse assesses a patient's fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The nurse then
encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
A. Licensure.
B. Autonomy.
C. Certification.
D. Accountability.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Autonomy
RATIONALE Autonomy in nursing refers to the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders.
The nurse uses professional knowledge and clinical judgment to assess the patient, determine a need
(increased fluid intake), and implement an intervention (encouraging fluids) independently. This is within the
nurse's scope of practice and does not require a physician's order. Autonomy is one of the ANA's five core
values of professional nursing.
Nursing Fundamentals
NURS School of Nursing — Exam 1 Practice Test
P R O F E S S I O N A L I D E N T I T Y · C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G · C A R I N G · C O M M U N I T Y H E A LT H
EXAM 1
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
CO M P R E H E N S I V E P R A C T I C E E X A M I N AT I O N W I T H V E R I F I E D A N S W E R S & R AT I O N A L E S
INSTITUTION School of Nursing COURSE CODE NURS-FUND-EXAM1
PROGRAM Nursing — ADN / BSN Pathway ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS 80+ Practice Questions
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / Select All That Apply /
Ordered Response
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless "Select all that apply" is indicated.
▸ Questions cover nursing history, professional standards, Benner's proficiency levels, community health, caring theory, chronic
illness, critical thinking, and the nursing process.
▸ Verified answers with detailed rationales are provided for comprehensive exam preparation.
▸ Pay close attention to the distinctions between community-based, community health, and public health nursing.
PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY, CRITICAL THINKING, CARING & Questions 1 –
COMMUNITY PRACTICE 80+
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
A. Mary Nutting.
B. Clara Barton.
C. Lillian Wald.
D. Florence Nightingale.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Florence Nightingale
RATIONALE Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), the founder of modern nursing, pioneered the first correlation between
infection and unclean conditions. She dramatically reduced Crimean War mortality rates by implementing
sanitary conditions and was a pioneering statistician who used meticulous data collection, graphs, and charts
to demonstrate that environmental cleanliness directly impacts patient outcomes. She also established the
first formal nursing education program.
, 2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes. Which standard of nursing practice is
the nurse following?
A. Assessment.
B. Diagnosis.
C. Planning.
D. Implementation.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Planning
RATIONALE The ANA Standard of Practice for Planning states that the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes
strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes. This involves establishing priorities, setting SMART
goals, selecting evidence-based interventions, and communicating the plan to the patient, family, and
healthcare team. The plan must be individualized and patient-centered.
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is the nurse upon
initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
A. Novice.
B. Proficient.
C. Competent.
D. Advanced beginner.
CORRECT ANSWER A — Novice
RATIONALE According to Benner's model, proficiency is context-specific. When an experienced nurse moves to a
completely new specialty area with unfamiliar patient populations, equipment, and protocols, they return to
the novice level for that specific setting. Novice nurses have no experience with the situations in which they
are expected to perform. They rely on rules and need guidance. Experience in one area does not automatically
transfer to proficiency in another clinical domain.
4. A nurse assesses a patient's fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The nurse then
encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
A. Licensure.
B. Autonomy.
C. Certification.
D. Accountability.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Autonomy
RATIONALE Autonomy in nursing refers to the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders.
The nurse uses professional knowledge and clinical judgment to assess the patient, determine a need
(increased fluid intake), and implement an intervention (encouraging fluids) independently. This is within the
nurse's scope of practice and does not require a physician's order. Autonomy is one of the ANA's five core
values of professional nursing.
