ETELPMOC • 1 MAXE
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — N U R S I N G H I STO R Y, T H E O R I E S , P R O C E SS & H E A LT H C A R E
SYST E M S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Complete Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Fill-in —
Select the Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive fundamentals exam covers nursing history (Nightingale, Barton, Bickerdyke, Mahoney, Wald), nursing
process (ADPIE, ABCDE), nursing theories (Nightingale, Peplau, Orem, Benner, Henderson, Leininger, Roy, Watson), healthcare
systems (Medicare/Medicaid, hospital types, levels of care), QSEN competencies, EBP (PICOT, 6 steps), ANA standards,
communication (SBAR), and professional nursing roles.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 core concepts.
SECTION I — NURSING HISTORY & PIONEERS Part A
1. Who is known as "The Mother of Nursing" and the foundational philosopher of nursing?
A. Clara Barton.
B. Mary Mahoney.
C. Florence Nightingale.
D. Lillian Wald.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Florence Nightingale.
RATIONALE Florence Nightingale, the "Lady with the Lamp," is the foundational philosopher of nursing. During the
Crimean War, she improved sanitation and dramatically reduced mortality rates in military hospitals. She met
with Queen Victoria and established the first training school for nurses.
, 2. Who is known as "the Angel of the Battlefield" and founded the American Red Cross?
A. Mary Ann Bickerdyke.
B. Clara Barton.
C. Dorothea Dix.
D. Tsarina Alexandra.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Clara Barton.
RATIONALE Clara Barton showed up on the battlefield at midnight with a wagon of needed supplies during the Civil War.
She founded the American Red Cross in 1887 at age 60 and led it for 23 years. She was one of the first women
employed by the government and tracked over 22,000 missing men.
3. Who is "Mother Bickerdyke," also known as Mother of the Boys in Blue?
A. Florence Nightingale.
B. Mary Ann Bickerdyke.
C. Lillian Wald.
D. Mary Adelaide Nutting.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Mary Ann Bickerdyke.
RATIONALE Mary Ann Bickerdyke was a Civil War nurse who traveled with the Union Army, established field hospitals
where needed, and walked battlefields to retrieve injured soldiers. She was known as "Mother of the Boys in
Blue" for her dedication.
4. Who was the first professionally trained African American nurse?
A. Clara Barton.
B. Lillian Wald.
C. Mary Mahoney.
D. Florence Nightingale.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Mary Mahoney.
RATIONALE Mary Mahoney was the first professionally trained African American nurse. She worked for 15 years as a maid,
laundress, cook, and nurse assistant before being accepted into nursing school at age 33. She was one of only
4 out of 42 students who graduated.
5. Who is the founder of modern-day public health nursing?
A. Clara Barton.
B. Lillian Wald.
C. Mary Mahoney.
D. Florence Nightingale.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Lillian Wald.
RATIONALE Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement in 1895, moving to a poor immigrant neighborhood to
provide services. She taught basic sanitation, cooking, and sewing, establishing the foundation of public
health nursing in the United States.
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — N U R S I N G H I STO R Y, T H E O R I E S , P R O C E SS & H E A LT H C A R E
SYST E M S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS Complete Study Guide — All Topics
Complete Review
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Fill-in —
Select the Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive fundamentals exam covers nursing history (Nightingale, Barton, Bickerdyke, Mahoney, Wald), nursing
process (ADPIE, ABCDE), nursing theories (Nightingale, Peplau, Orem, Benner, Henderson, Leininger, Roy, Watson), healthcare
systems (Medicare/Medicaid, hospital types, levels of care), QSEN competencies, EBP (PICOT, 6 steps), ANA standards,
communication (SBAR), and professional nursing roles.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 core concepts.
SECTION I — NURSING HISTORY & PIONEERS Part A
1. Who is known as "The Mother of Nursing" and the foundational philosopher of nursing?
A. Clara Barton.
B. Mary Mahoney.
C. Florence Nightingale.
D. Lillian Wald.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Florence Nightingale.
RATIONALE Florence Nightingale, the "Lady with the Lamp," is the foundational philosopher of nursing. During the
Crimean War, she improved sanitation and dramatically reduced mortality rates in military hospitals. She met
with Queen Victoria and established the first training school for nurses.
, 2. Who is known as "the Angel of the Battlefield" and founded the American Red Cross?
A. Mary Ann Bickerdyke.
B. Clara Barton.
C. Dorothea Dix.
D. Tsarina Alexandra.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Clara Barton.
RATIONALE Clara Barton showed up on the battlefield at midnight with a wagon of needed supplies during the Civil War.
She founded the American Red Cross in 1887 at age 60 and led it for 23 years. She was one of the first women
employed by the government and tracked over 22,000 missing men.
3. Who is "Mother Bickerdyke," also known as Mother of the Boys in Blue?
A. Florence Nightingale.
B. Mary Ann Bickerdyke.
C. Lillian Wald.
D. Mary Adelaide Nutting.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Mary Ann Bickerdyke.
RATIONALE Mary Ann Bickerdyke was a Civil War nurse who traveled with the Union Army, established field hospitals
where needed, and walked battlefields to retrieve injured soldiers. She was known as "Mother of the Boys in
Blue" for her dedication.
4. Who was the first professionally trained African American nurse?
A. Clara Barton.
B. Lillian Wald.
C. Mary Mahoney.
D. Florence Nightingale.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Mary Mahoney.
RATIONALE Mary Mahoney was the first professionally trained African American nurse. She worked for 15 years as a maid,
laundress, cook, and nurse assistant before being accepted into nursing school at age 33. She was one of only
4 out of 42 students who graduated.
5. Who is the founder of modern-day public health nursing?
A. Clara Barton.
B. Lillian Wald.
C. Mary Mahoney.
D. Florence Nightingale.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Lillian Wald.
RATIONALE Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement in 1895, moving to a poor immigrant neighborhood to
provide services. She taught basic sanitation, cooking, and sewing, establishing the foundation of public
health nursing in the United States.
