S L AT N E M A D N U F • 1 M A X E
Nursing Fundamentals
NURS School of Nursing — Exam 1 Comprehensive Review
ADPIE · VITAL SIGNS · SKIN ASSESSMENT · INFECTION CONTROL · POSITIONING
EXAM 1
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , V I TA L S I G N S , P H YS I C A L A SS E SS M E N T, I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L & PAT I E N T S A F E TY
INSTITUTION School of Nursing COURSE CODE NURS-FUND-EXAM1
PROGRAM Nursing — ADN / BSN Pathway ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS 80+ Comprehensive Questions
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / Definition / Select All
That Apply
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise indicated.
▸ Questions cover the nursing process (ADPIE), vital signs, skin assessment, PPE/infection control, patient positioning, ROM, and
safety.
▸ Verified answers with detailed rationales are provided for comprehensive exam preparation.
▸ Pay close attention to vital sign frequency based on patient stability, correct PPE donning/doffing sequence, and transmission-
based precautions.
ADPIE, VITAL SIGNS, ASSESSMENT & INFECTION CONTROL Questions 1 – 80+
1. In which step of the nursing process are data gathered through observation, interviews, and physical assessment,
and cues recognized?
A. Diagnosis.
B. Planning.
C. Assessment.
D. Evaluation.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Assessment
RATIONALE Assessment is the first and foundational step of the nursing process (ADPIE). During assessment, the nurse
systematically collects subjective and objective data through patient interview, physical examination, review
of diagnostic results, and observation. Recognizing cues — significant data points that may indicate a
problem — is a critical assessment skill that drives the subsequent steps.
, 2. In which step of the nursing process are data and cues analyzed, validated, and clustered with related assessment
findings to identify problems or potential concerns?
A. Assessment.
B. Diagnosis.
C. Implementation.
D. Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Diagnosis (Analysis)
RATIONALE The diagnosis phase involves critical analysis of assessment data. The nurse clusters related cues, identifies
patterns, compares findings to normal standards, and formulates nursing diagnoses using NANDA-I
terminology. Diagnoses may be problem-focused (existing), risk (potential), or health promotion. This step
differentiates nursing from medicine — nurses diagnose human responses, not diseases.
3. In which step of the nursing process does the nurse identify short and long-term goals that are realistic,
measurable, and patient-focused?
A. Evaluation.
B. Implementation.
C. Assessment.
D. Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Planning
RATIONALE Planning involves establishing priorities, setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic,
Timely), and selecting evidence-based nursing interventions. Short-term goals are achievable within hours to
less than a week; long-term goals take weeks to months. Goals must be patient-centered — reflecting what
the patient will achieve, not what the nurse will do. The plan is communicated to the patient, family, and
healthcare team.
4. In which step of the nursing process does the nurse take action by initiating specific nursing interventions and
treatments designed to help achieve established goals?
A. Planning.
B. Diagnosis.
C. Implementation.
D. Evaluation.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Implementation
RATIONALE Implementation is the action phase where the nursing care plan is executed. Interventions may be
independent (nurse-initiated), dependent (requiring a provider order), or collaborative (interprofessional).
The nurse performs treatments, administers medications, provides education, delegates appropriate tasks,
and continuously reassesses the patient's response. Documentation of all interventions and patient
responses is an essential component of implementation.
Nursing Fundamentals
NURS School of Nursing — Exam 1 Comprehensive Review
ADPIE · VITAL SIGNS · SKIN ASSESSMENT · INFECTION CONTROL · POSITIONING
EXAM 1
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , V I TA L S I G N S , P H YS I C A L A SS E SS M E N T, I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L & PAT I E N T S A F E TY
INSTITUTION School of Nursing COURSE CODE NURS-FUND-EXAM1
PROGRAM Nursing — ADN / BSN Pathway ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS 80+ Comprehensive Questions
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / Definition / Select All
That Apply
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise indicated.
▸ Questions cover the nursing process (ADPIE), vital signs, skin assessment, PPE/infection control, patient positioning, ROM, and
safety.
▸ Verified answers with detailed rationales are provided for comprehensive exam preparation.
▸ Pay close attention to vital sign frequency based on patient stability, correct PPE donning/doffing sequence, and transmission-
based precautions.
ADPIE, VITAL SIGNS, ASSESSMENT & INFECTION CONTROL Questions 1 – 80+
1. In which step of the nursing process are data gathered through observation, interviews, and physical assessment,
and cues recognized?
A. Diagnosis.
B. Planning.
C. Assessment.
D. Evaluation.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Assessment
RATIONALE Assessment is the first and foundational step of the nursing process (ADPIE). During assessment, the nurse
systematically collects subjective and objective data through patient interview, physical examination, review
of diagnostic results, and observation. Recognizing cues — significant data points that may indicate a
problem — is a critical assessment skill that drives the subsequent steps.
, 2. In which step of the nursing process are data and cues analyzed, validated, and clustered with related assessment
findings to identify problems or potential concerns?
A. Assessment.
B. Diagnosis.
C. Implementation.
D. Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Diagnosis (Analysis)
RATIONALE The diagnosis phase involves critical analysis of assessment data. The nurse clusters related cues, identifies
patterns, compares findings to normal standards, and formulates nursing diagnoses using NANDA-I
terminology. Diagnoses may be problem-focused (existing), risk (potential), or health promotion. This step
differentiates nursing from medicine — nurses diagnose human responses, not diseases.
3. In which step of the nursing process does the nurse identify short and long-term goals that are realistic,
measurable, and patient-focused?
A. Evaluation.
B. Implementation.
C. Assessment.
D. Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Planning
RATIONALE Planning involves establishing priorities, setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic,
Timely), and selecting evidence-based nursing interventions. Short-term goals are achievable within hours to
less than a week; long-term goals take weeks to months. Goals must be patient-centered — reflecting what
the patient will achieve, not what the nurse will do. The plan is communicated to the patient, family, and
healthcare team.
4. In which step of the nursing process does the nurse take action by initiating specific nursing interventions and
treatments designed to help achieve established goals?
A. Planning.
B. Diagnosis.
C. Implementation.
D. Evaluation.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Implementation
RATIONALE Implementation is the action phase where the nursing care plan is executed. Interventions may be
independent (nurse-initiated), dependent (requiring a provider order), or collaborative (interprofessional).
The nurse performs treatments, administers medications, provides education, delegates appropriate tasks,
and continuously reassesses the patient's response. Documentation of all interventions and patient
responses is an essential component of implementation.
