TNIRPEULB • 1 MAXE
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 1 Blueprint
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — A L L 9 2 Q U E ST I O N S W I T H CO R R E C T A N S W E R S &
R AT I O N A L E S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS 92 Questions — Complete Blueprint
Blueprint
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Fill-in —
Select the Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive 92-question blueprint covers nursing history (Nightingale, Barton, Dix), Benner's Novice to Expert theory,
nursing process (ADPIE), clinical judgment model, infection control (stages, transmission, precautions), medication
administration (7 rights, routes, checks), nursing organizations (ANA, NLN, NSNA), NCLEX, scope of practice, QSEN
competencies, and professional standards.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 Blueprint core concepts.
SECTION I — NURSING HISTORY, LEADERS & BENNER'S THEORY Part A
1. The critical dyad of nursing is best described as:
A. Assessment and evaluation only.
B. Both an art and a science (skills and knowledge + the art of caring).
C. Medication administration and documentation.
D. Physical care and spiritual care.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Both an art and a science (skills and knowledge + the art of caring).
RATIONALE Nursing is both an art (compassion, intuition, therapeutic relationship, caring) and a science (evidence-based
practice, clinical knowledge, technical skills). This dyad defines the holistic nature of professional nursing
practice.
, 2. Florence Nightingale is credited with all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Evidence-based practice and data collection.
B. Reduction of infection rates.
C. Starting the first nursing schools.
D. Founding the American Red Cross.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Founding the American Red Cross.
RATIONALE Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881. Nightingale's contributions include evidence-based
practice, infection reduction, first nursing schools (St. Thomas' Hospital), data collection/statistics, and
documentation standards.
3. Clara Barton is best known for:
A. Starting the first nursing school in England.
B. Formalizing nursing education and founding the American Red Cross.
C. Developing the Novice to Expert theory.
D. Creating the NCLEX examination.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Formalizing nursing education and founding the American Red Cross.
RATIONALE Clara Barton was a pioneering nurse who formalized nursing education and founded the American Red Cross
in 1881, establishing the organization's mission of disaster relief and humanitarian aid.
4. Dorothea Dix advocated for all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Formal training for nurses.
B. Mental health awareness.
C. Indigenous rights.
D. Starting the first nursing school.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Starting the first nursing school.
RATIONALE Dorothea Dix was a social reformer who advocated for formal nurse training, mental health reform, and
indigenous rights. She served as Superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War. Nightingale started the
first nursing school.
5. Dr. Patricia Benner's Novice to Expert theory includes how many stages?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Five: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert.
RATIONALE Benner's model describes five stages of clinical competence: Novice (students/new nurses <6 months),
Advanced Beginner (6 months-1 year), Competent (1-2 years), Proficient (3+ years), and Expert (5+ years).
Nursing Fundamentals
NF College of Nursing & Health Sciences
B U I L D I N G T H E F O U N D AT I O N F O R N U R S I N G E X C E L L E N C E
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 1 Blueprint
CO M P L E T E CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W — A L L 9 2 Q U E ST I O N S W I T H CO R R E C T A N S W E R S &
R AT I O N A L E S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program EXAM TYPE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
PROGRAM RN Nursing Program ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS 92 Questions — Complete Blueprint
Blueprint
COURSE TITLE Nursing Fundamentals FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Fill-in —
Select the Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise specified.
▸ This comprehensive 92-question blueprint covers nursing history (Nightingale, Barton, Dix), Benner's Novice to Expert theory,
nursing process (ADPIE), clinical judgment model, infection control (stages, transmission, precautions), medication
administration (7 rights, routes, checks), nursing organizations (ANA, NLN, NSNA), NCLEX, scope of practice, QSEN
competencies, and professional standards.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
▸ All content is derived from Nursing Fundamentals Exam 1 Blueprint core concepts.
SECTION I — NURSING HISTORY, LEADERS & BENNER'S THEORY Part A
1. The critical dyad of nursing is best described as:
A. Assessment and evaluation only.
B. Both an art and a science (skills and knowledge + the art of caring).
C. Medication administration and documentation.
D. Physical care and spiritual care.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Both an art and a science (skills and knowledge + the art of caring).
RATIONALE Nursing is both an art (compassion, intuition, therapeutic relationship, caring) and a science (evidence-based
practice, clinical knowledge, technical skills). This dyad defines the holistic nature of professional nursing
practice.
, 2. Florence Nightingale is credited with all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Evidence-based practice and data collection.
B. Reduction of infection rates.
C. Starting the first nursing schools.
D. Founding the American Red Cross.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Founding the American Red Cross.
RATIONALE Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881. Nightingale's contributions include evidence-based
practice, infection reduction, first nursing schools (St. Thomas' Hospital), data collection/statistics, and
documentation standards.
3. Clara Barton is best known for:
A. Starting the first nursing school in England.
B. Formalizing nursing education and founding the American Red Cross.
C. Developing the Novice to Expert theory.
D. Creating the NCLEX examination.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Formalizing nursing education and founding the American Red Cross.
RATIONALE Clara Barton was a pioneering nurse who formalized nursing education and founded the American Red Cross
in 1881, establishing the organization's mission of disaster relief and humanitarian aid.
4. Dorothea Dix advocated for all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Formal training for nurses.
B. Mental health awareness.
C. Indigenous rights.
D. Starting the first nursing school.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Starting the first nursing school.
RATIONALE Dorothea Dix was a social reformer who advocated for formal nurse training, mental health reform, and
indigenous rights. She served as Superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War. Nightingale started the
first nursing school.
5. Dr. Patricia Benner's Novice to Expert theory includes how many stages?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Five: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert.
RATIONALE Benner's model describes five stages of clinical competence: Novice (students/new nurses <6 months),
Advanced Beginner (6 months-1 year), Competent (1-2 years), Proficient (3+ years), and Expert (5+ years).
