Nursing Fundamentals
1 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , V I TA L S I G N S , H YG I E N E , M O B I L I TY, N U R S I N G P R O C E SS & T H E O R I E S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 1 — Nursing Fundamentals TOTAL QUESTIONS 75+ Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Content covers asepsis, vital signs, hygiene, mobility, nursing process, theories, and professional standards.
COMPREHENSIVE FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION Questions 1 – 75+
1. Aerobic bacteria require _____ for survival, while anaerobic bacteria thrive in _____ oxygen environments.
A. No oxygen; high.
B. Oxygen; little to no.
C. Carbon dioxide; high.
D. Nitrogen; moderate.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Aerobic bacteria require oxygen; anaerobic bacteria thrive in little to no oxygen and cause deep
infections.
RATIONALE Anaerobes typically cause infection deep within the pleural cavity, joints, or deep sinus tracts where oxygen is
minimal.
2. Medical asepsis differs from surgical asepsis in that medical asepsis:
A. Eliminates all microorganisms including spores.
B. Reduces the transfer of organisms through hand hygiene and environmental cleanliness.
C. Is only used in the operating room.
D. Requires sterile gown and gloves.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Medical asepsis (clean technique) reduces organisms; surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
eliminates ALL microorganisms.
RATIONALE Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and environmental cleaning. Surgical asepsis is used for invasive
procedures.
, 3. The chain of infection includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Infectious agent/pathogen.
B. Reservoir and portal of exit.
C. Antibiotic therapy.
D. Mode of transmission and susceptible host.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Antibiotic therapy is a treatment, not a link in the chain of infection.
RATIONALE The six links are: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible
host. Breaking any link prevents infection.
4. Standard Precautions require:
A. N95 respirator for all patients.
B. Hand hygiene and appropriate PPE for all patients regardless of diagnosis.
C. Sterile gown and gloves for all patient contact.
D. Contact precautions only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Standard Precautions apply to ALL patients: hand hygiene and PPE based on anticipated
exposure.
RATIONALE Standard Precautions are the foundation of infection prevention, used for every patient encounter.
5. A localized infection causes:
A. Fever and body-wide malaise.
B. Pain, tenderness, warmth, and redness at the wound site.
C. Enlarged lymph nodes throughout the body.
D. Nausea and vomiting only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Localized infections produce symptoms confined to one area: pain, tenderness, warmth, redness.
RATIONALE Systemic infections affect the entire body with fever, fatigue, nausea, and lymph node enlargement.
6. The correct order for donning PPE is:
A. Gloves, gown, mask, eyewear.
B. Gown, mask/respirator, eyewear, gloves.
C. Mask, gloves, gown, eyewear.
D. Eyewear, gloves, mask, gown.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Gown first, then mask or respirator, then eyewear, and gloves last.
RATIONALE Doffing is reverse: gloves, goggles, gown, mask. Proper sequence minimizes self-contamination.
7. A sterile field has a _____ border that is considered contaminated.
A. 0.5 inch.
B. 1 inch.
C. 2 inches.
D. 3 inches.
CORRECT ANSWER B — The outer 1-inch margin of a sterile field is considered non-sterile.
RATIONALE Sterile items must be placed within this boundary. Never turn your back on a sterile field or leave it
unattended.
1 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Nursing Fundamentals — Exam 1
I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , V I TA L S I G N S , H YG I E N E , M O B I L I TY, N U R S I N G P R O C E SS & T H E O R I E S
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 1 — Nursing Fundamentals TOTAL QUESTIONS 75+ Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Content covers asepsis, vital signs, hygiene, mobility, nursing process, theories, and professional standards.
COMPREHENSIVE FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION Questions 1 – 75+
1. Aerobic bacteria require _____ for survival, while anaerobic bacteria thrive in _____ oxygen environments.
A. No oxygen; high.
B. Oxygen; little to no.
C. Carbon dioxide; high.
D. Nitrogen; moderate.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Aerobic bacteria require oxygen; anaerobic bacteria thrive in little to no oxygen and cause deep
infections.
RATIONALE Anaerobes typically cause infection deep within the pleural cavity, joints, or deep sinus tracts where oxygen is
minimal.
2. Medical asepsis differs from surgical asepsis in that medical asepsis:
A. Eliminates all microorganisms including spores.
B. Reduces the transfer of organisms through hand hygiene and environmental cleanliness.
C. Is only used in the operating room.
D. Requires sterile gown and gloves.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Medical asepsis (clean technique) reduces organisms; surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
eliminates ALL microorganisms.
RATIONALE Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and environmental cleaning. Surgical asepsis is used for invasive
procedures.
, 3. The chain of infection includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Infectious agent/pathogen.
B. Reservoir and portal of exit.
C. Antibiotic therapy.
D. Mode of transmission and susceptible host.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Antibiotic therapy is a treatment, not a link in the chain of infection.
RATIONALE The six links are: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible
host. Breaking any link prevents infection.
4. Standard Precautions require:
A. N95 respirator for all patients.
B. Hand hygiene and appropriate PPE for all patients regardless of diagnosis.
C. Sterile gown and gloves for all patient contact.
D. Contact precautions only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Standard Precautions apply to ALL patients: hand hygiene and PPE based on anticipated
exposure.
RATIONALE Standard Precautions are the foundation of infection prevention, used for every patient encounter.
5. A localized infection causes:
A. Fever and body-wide malaise.
B. Pain, tenderness, warmth, and redness at the wound site.
C. Enlarged lymph nodes throughout the body.
D. Nausea and vomiting only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Localized infections produce symptoms confined to one area: pain, tenderness, warmth, redness.
RATIONALE Systemic infections affect the entire body with fever, fatigue, nausea, and lymph node enlargement.
6. The correct order for donning PPE is:
A. Gloves, gown, mask, eyewear.
B. Gown, mask/respirator, eyewear, gloves.
C. Mask, gloves, gown, eyewear.
D. Eyewear, gloves, mask, gown.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Gown first, then mask or respirator, then eyewear, and gloves last.
RATIONALE Doffing is reverse: gloves, goggles, gown, mask. Proper sequence minimizes self-contamination.
7. A sterile field has a _____ border that is considered contaminated.
A. 0.5 inch.
B. 1 inch.
C. 2 inches.
D. 3 inches.
CORRECT ANSWER B — The outer 1-inch margin of a sterile field is considered non-sterile.
RATIONALE Sterile items must be placed within this boundary. Never turn your back on a sterile field or leave it
unattended.
