SSEC ORP SRUN • 1 MAXE
Nursing Fundamentals
NURS School of Nursing
CRITICAL THINKING · CLINICAL JUDGMENT · CARING PRACTICE
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 1
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , A SS E SS M E N T, D I A G N O S I S , P L A N N I N G , I M P L E M E N TAT I O N & E VA LU AT I O N
INSTITUTION School of Nursing COURSE CODE NURS-FUND-EXAM1
PROGRAM Nursing — ADN / BSN Pathway ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS 70+ Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice / Definition / Select All
That Apply
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise indicated.
▸ Questions cover the nursing process (ADPIE), types of assessment, nursing diagnoses, care planning, implementation, and
evaluation.
▸ Verified answers with detailed rationales are provided for comprehensive exam preparation.
▸ Pay close attention to the differences between medical and nursing diagnoses, and between subjective and objective data.
THE NURSING PROCESS — ASSESSMENT THROUGH EVALUATION Questions 1 – 70+
1. What is the nursing process?
A. A checklist for completing daily tasks.
B. A systematic method of critical thinking used by professional nurses to develop individualized plans of care and
provide care for patients.
C. A medical procedure for diagnosing diseases.
D. A documentation system only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — A systematic method of critical thinking used by professional nurses to develop individualized
plans of care and provide care for patients
RATIONALE The nursing process is the foundational framework for professional nursing practice. It is a dynamic, cyclical,
client-centered approach that guides clinical reasoning and decision-making. It ensures care is individualized,
evidence-based, and continuously evaluated for effectiveness.
, 2. What are the five steps of the nursing process in correct order?
A. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation.
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
C. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation.
D. Implementation, Evaluation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE)
RATIONALE The five sequential, interrelated steps are remembered by the acronym ADPIE: Assessment (data collection),
Diagnosis (analyze data to identify problems), Planning (set goals and select interventions), Implementation
(perform interventions), and Evaluation (determine if goals were met). This logical sequence guides all
nursing care.
3. What is the difference between primary and secondary data in the assessment phase?
A. Primary data comes from the physician; secondary data comes from the nurse.
B. Primary data comes directly from the patient (interview); secondary data comes from other sources (family, medical
records).
C. Primary data is objective; secondary data is subjective.
D. There is no difference.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Primary data comes directly from the patient; secondary data comes from family, records, and
other sources
RATIONALE Primary data is obtained directly from the patient — the most reliable source. Secondary data is gathered
from family members, significant others, medical records, other healthcare providers, and diagnostic reports.
Secondary sources are used to validate, supplement, or provide information when the patient cannot
communicate.
4. What is the difference between subjective and objective data?
A. Subjective data can be measured; objective data is reported by the patient.
B. Subjective data (symptoms) is what the patient reports; objective data (signs) is what can be observed, measured, or
verified.
C. Both terms refer to the same type of data.
D. Subjective data is always more important than objective data.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Subjective data (symptoms) is patient-reported; objective data (signs) is observable and
measurable
RATIONALE Subjective data includes the patient's feelings, perceptions, and self-reported symptoms (pain, nausea,
anxiety). Objective data includes measurable or observable findings (vital signs, lab results, physical exam
findings). Both are essential components of a complete nursing assessment.
Nursing Fundamentals
NURS School of Nursing
CRITICAL THINKING · CLINICAL JUDGMENT · CARING PRACTICE
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 1
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , A SS E SS M E N T, D I A G N O S I S , P L A N N I N G , I M P L E M E N TAT I O N & E VA LU AT I O N
INSTITUTION School of Nursing COURSE CODE NURS-FUND-EXAM1
PROGRAM Nursing — ADN / BSN Pathway ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 TOTAL QUESTIONS 70+ Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice / Definition / Select All
That Apply
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise indicated.
▸ Questions cover the nursing process (ADPIE), types of assessment, nursing diagnoses, care planning, implementation, and
evaluation.
▸ Verified answers with detailed rationales are provided for comprehensive exam preparation.
▸ Pay close attention to the differences between medical and nursing diagnoses, and between subjective and objective data.
THE NURSING PROCESS — ASSESSMENT THROUGH EVALUATION Questions 1 – 70+
1. What is the nursing process?
A. A checklist for completing daily tasks.
B. A systematic method of critical thinking used by professional nurses to develop individualized plans of care and
provide care for patients.
C. A medical procedure for diagnosing diseases.
D. A documentation system only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — A systematic method of critical thinking used by professional nurses to develop individualized
plans of care and provide care for patients
RATIONALE The nursing process is the foundational framework for professional nursing practice. It is a dynamic, cyclical,
client-centered approach that guides clinical reasoning and decision-making. It ensures care is individualized,
evidence-based, and continuously evaluated for effectiveness.
, 2. What are the five steps of the nursing process in correct order?
A. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation.
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
C. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation.
D. Implementation, Evaluation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE)
RATIONALE The five sequential, interrelated steps are remembered by the acronym ADPIE: Assessment (data collection),
Diagnosis (analyze data to identify problems), Planning (set goals and select interventions), Implementation
(perform interventions), and Evaluation (determine if goals were met). This logical sequence guides all
nursing care.
3. What is the difference between primary and secondary data in the assessment phase?
A. Primary data comes from the physician; secondary data comes from the nurse.
B. Primary data comes directly from the patient (interview); secondary data comes from other sources (family, medical
records).
C. Primary data is objective; secondary data is subjective.
D. There is no difference.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Primary data comes directly from the patient; secondary data comes from family, records, and
other sources
RATIONALE Primary data is obtained directly from the patient — the most reliable source. Secondary data is gathered
from family members, significant others, medical records, other healthcare providers, and diagnostic reports.
Secondary sources are used to validate, supplement, or provide information when the patient cannot
communicate.
4. What is the difference between subjective and objective data?
A. Subjective data can be measured; objective data is reported by the patient.
B. Subjective data (symptoms) is what the patient reports; objective data (signs) is what can be observed, measured, or
verified.
C. Both terms refer to the same type of data.
D. Subjective data is always more important than objective data.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Subjective data (symptoms) is patient-reported; objective data (signs) is observable and
measurable
RATIONALE Subjective data includes the patient's feelings, perceptions, and self-reported symptoms (pain, nausea,
anxiety). Objective data includes measurable or observable findings (vital signs, lab results, physical exam
findings). Both are essential components of a complete nursing assessment.
