PATHO EXAM 3 WITH 230
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS FOR A GUARANTEED
PASS
A mother rushes her toddler into the emergency department stating, "My
baby can't breathe." Initial assessment reveals the child is struggling to
breathe in an upright position. He has both inspiratory and expiratory stridor
and is using his chest muscles to breath. The nurse suspects the child has
which of the following acute respiratory infections?
A)Croup
B)Asthma
C)Epiglottitis
D)Bronchiolitis
C)Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis typically presents with an acute onset of sore throat and fever.
The child appears pale, toxic, and lethargic and assumes a distinctive
position—sitting up with the mouth open and the chin thrust forward.
Symptoms rapidly progress to difficulty swallowing, a muffled voice, drooling,
and extreme anxiety. Moderate to severe respiratory distress is evident.
There are inspiratory and sometimes expiratory stridor, flaring of the nares,
and inspiratory muscle retractions. Croup or acute laryngotracheobronchitis
is a viral infection that affects the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Acute
bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower airways, most commonly caused
by the respiratory syncytial virus. Asthma is a reactive airway disease rather
than an infection.
,A child is brought to the emergency department with a respiratory infection.
The child is struggling to breath and is very anxious. The health care
providers suspect epiglottitis. Which of the following interventions would be a
priority?
A)Have parents help hold the child down so blood work can be drawn and
sent to lab so WBC count can be reviewed.
B)Try to get the child to open his mouth so you can put a tongue blade in the
back of the throat to look for swelling or pustules.
C)Place the child upright in bed and begin preparing for a tracheostomy
placement.
D)Administer the first dose of an antibiotic vial liquid suspension as soon as
possible to begin fighting the infection.
C)Place the child upright in bed and begin preparing for a tracheostomy
placement.
Epiglottitis is a medical emergency, and immediate establishment of an
airway by endotracheal tube or tracheostomy is usually needed. If epiglottitis
is suspected, the child should never be forced to lie down because this
causes the epiglottis to fall backward and may lead to complete airway
obstruction. Examination of the throat with a tongue blade may cause airway
spasm and cardiopulmonary arrest and should be done only by medical
personnel experienced in intubation of small children. It also is unwise to
attempt any procedure, such as drawing blood, which would heighten the
child's anxiety because this also could precipitate airway spasm and cause
death.
A 6-month-old infant has been hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. Which of
the following treatments should be prioritized in the infant's care?
A)Supplementary oxygen therapy
B)Intravenous antibiotics
C)Transfusionof fresh frozen plasma
D)Tracheotomy
,A)Supplementary oxygen therapy
Bronchiolitis necessitates supplementary oxygen therapy. Antibiotics are
ineffective due to the viral etiology. Recovery usually occurs within several
days, and tracheotomy is necessary only in the event of severe
complications. Plasma transfusion is not a relevant treatment modality.
A 2-year-old child is admitted to pediatric unit with bronchiolitis. The nurse
calls the physician fearing the child is going into respiratory failure based on
which of the following assessment findings? Select all that apply.
A)Increased respiratory rate to 44 breaths/minute
B)Substernal retractions becoming more pronounced
C)New-onset expiratory grunting
D)Productive cough with white secretions
E)Faint wheezes noted in the posterior lung base
A)Increased respiratory rate to 44 breaths/minute
B)Substernal retractions becoming more pronounced
C)New-onset expiratory grunting
Children with impending respiratory failure due to airway or lung disease
have rapid breathing; exaggerated use of the accessory muscles; retractions,
which are more pronounced in the child than in the adult because of higher
chest compliance; nasal flaring; and grunting during expiration
Chapter 31: Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange
(chapter 23)
, A client with a history of emphysema is experiencing hypoxemia after a
taxing physical therapy appointment. Which of the following physiologic
phenomena will occur as a consequence of hypoxemia?A)Peripheral
vasodilation
B)Necrosis
C)Hypoventilation
D)Increased heart rate
D)Increased heart rate
Consequences of hypoxemia include peripheral vasoconstriction,
hyperventilation, and increased heart rate. Mild to moderate hypoxemia does
not result in cell death and necrosis.
An elderly client who has been restricted to bed by numerous comorbidities
for several weeks has been diagnosed with a large pleural effusion. Which of
the following treatment modalities is most likely to resolve the client's most
recent health problem?A)Thoracentesis
B)Supplementary oxygen therapy
C)Administration of corticosteroids
D)Administration of bronchodilators
A)Thoracentesis
With large effusions, thoracentesis may be used to remove fluid from the
intrapleural space and allow for reexpansion of the lung.
Pleuritic chest pain associated with respiratory movements is usually
described as:
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS FOR A GUARANTEED
PASS
A mother rushes her toddler into the emergency department stating, "My
baby can't breathe." Initial assessment reveals the child is struggling to
breathe in an upright position. He has both inspiratory and expiratory stridor
and is using his chest muscles to breath. The nurse suspects the child has
which of the following acute respiratory infections?
A)Croup
B)Asthma
C)Epiglottitis
D)Bronchiolitis
C)Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis typically presents with an acute onset of sore throat and fever.
The child appears pale, toxic, and lethargic and assumes a distinctive
position—sitting up with the mouth open and the chin thrust forward.
Symptoms rapidly progress to difficulty swallowing, a muffled voice, drooling,
and extreme anxiety. Moderate to severe respiratory distress is evident.
There are inspiratory and sometimes expiratory stridor, flaring of the nares,
and inspiratory muscle retractions. Croup or acute laryngotracheobronchitis
is a viral infection that affects the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Acute
bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower airways, most commonly caused
by the respiratory syncytial virus. Asthma is a reactive airway disease rather
than an infection.
,A child is brought to the emergency department with a respiratory infection.
The child is struggling to breath and is very anxious. The health care
providers suspect epiglottitis. Which of the following interventions would be a
priority?
A)Have parents help hold the child down so blood work can be drawn and
sent to lab so WBC count can be reviewed.
B)Try to get the child to open his mouth so you can put a tongue blade in the
back of the throat to look for swelling or pustules.
C)Place the child upright in bed and begin preparing for a tracheostomy
placement.
D)Administer the first dose of an antibiotic vial liquid suspension as soon as
possible to begin fighting the infection.
C)Place the child upright in bed and begin preparing for a tracheostomy
placement.
Epiglottitis is a medical emergency, and immediate establishment of an
airway by endotracheal tube or tracheostomy is usually needed. If epiglottitis
is suspected, the child should never be forced to lie down because this
causes the epiglottis to fall backward and may lead to complete airway
obstruction. Examination of the throat with a tongue blade may cause airway
spasm and cardiopulmonary arrest and should be done only by medical
personnel experienced in intubation of small children. It also is unwise to
attempt any procedure, such as drawing blood, which would heighten the
child's anxiety because this also could precipitate airway spasm and cause
death.
A 6-month-old infant has been hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. Which of
the following treatments should be prioritized in the infant's care?
A)Supplementary oxygen therapy
B)Intravenous antibiotics
C)Transfusionof fresh frozen plasma
D)Tracheotomy
,A)Supplementary oxygen therapy
Bronchiolitis necessitates supplementary oxygen therapy. Antibiotics are
ineffective due to the viral etiology. Recovery usually occurs within several
days, and tracheotomy is necessary only in the event of severe
complications. Plasma transfusion is not a relevant treatment modality.
A 2-year-old child is admitted to pediatric unit with bronchiolitis. The nurse
calls the physician fearing the child is going into respiratory failure based on
which of the following assessment findings? Select all that apply.
A)Increased respiratory rate to 44 breaths/minute
B)Substernal retractions becoming more pronounced
C)New-onset expiratory grunting
D)Productive cough with white secretions
E)Faint wheezes noted in the posterior lung base
A)Increased respiratory rate to 44 breaths/minute
B)Substernal retractions becoming more pronounced
C)New-onset expiratory grunting
Children with impending respiratory failure due to airway or lung disease
have rapid breathing; exaggerated use of the accessory muscles; retractions,
which are more pronounced in the child than in the adult because of higher
chest compliance; nasal flaring; and grunting during expiration
Chapter 31: Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange
(chapter 23)
, A client with a history of emphysema is experiencing hypoxemia after a
taxing physical therapy appointment. Which of the following physiologic
phenomena will occur as a consequence of hypoxemia?A)Peripheral
vasodilation
B)Necrosis
C)Hypoventilation
D)Increased heart rate
D)Increased heart rate
Consequences of hypoxemia include peripheral vasoconstriction,
hyperventilation, and increased heart rate. Mild to moderate hypoxemia does
not result in cell death and necrosis.
An elderly client who has been restricted to bed by numerous comorbidities
for several weeks has been diagnosed with a large pleural effusion. Which of
the following treatment modalities is most likely to resolve the client's most
recent health problem?A)Thoracentesis
B)Supplementary oxygen therapy
C)Administration of corticosteroids
D)Administration of bronchodilators
A)Thoracentesis
With large effusions, thoracentesis may be used to remove fluid from the
intrapleural space and allow for reexpansion of the lung.
Pleuritic chest pain associated with respiratory movements is usually
described as:
