PORTAGE LEARNING BIOD 101 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔Explain the main difference between passive and active transport and provide an
example of each. - ✔✔Passive transport occurs when substances move through the
membrane without the input of energy. Examples include simple diffusion, osmosis,
filtration, and facilitated diffusion. Active transport occurs when an input of energy is
required to move substances through the membrane. An example is the sodium-
potassium pump
✔✔Why is the electrochemical gradient important for cellular function? - ✔✔The
electrical potential of ions across the cell membrane is an important element for nerve
conduction, muscle contraction, mitochondrial metabolism, and hormone secretion
✔✔ What is matter and what states can it exist in? - ✔✔Matter is anything that takes up
space, by having volume, and has mass. Can exist in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state.
✔✔Explain the difference between essential and trace elements - ✔✔Essential
elements are required for human life. Trace elements are only required in small
quantities
✔✔Describe an ionic bond - ✔✔formed when ions of molecules of opposite charge are
attracted to one another
✔✔Describe a covalent bond - ✔✔formed when electrons are shared equally between
two atoms to complete the valence shells of both
✔✔Describe a hydrogen bond - ✔✔formed by electrostatic interactions between
molecules- relatively weak and breaks easily
✔✔True or False: Anions are positive charged ions whereas cations are negatively
charged ions. - ✔✔False: cations are positively charged ions whereas anions are
negatively charged ions
✔✔Which of the following is not one of the organic compounds that make up a
biomacromolecule; lipids, proteins, ribosomes, or carbohydrates - ✔✔Ribosomes
✔✔What are carbohydrates? - ✔✔Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for
organisms and have the same three elements in their structure; carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen
✔✔Why are lipids unique among the biomacromolecules? - ✔✔They are unique
because most of them are insoluble in water. Lipids also are not monomers and instead
are assembled from smaller molecules that are chemically linked together
GRADED A+
✔✔Explain the main difference between passive and active transport and provide an
example of each. - ✔✔Passive transport occurs when substances move through the
membrane without the input of energy. Examples include simple diffusion, osmosis,
filtration, and facilitated diffusion. Active transport occurs when an input of energy is
required to move substances through the membrane. An example is the sodium-
potassium pump
✔✔Why is the electrochemical gradient important for cellular function? - ✔✔The
electrical potential of ions across the cell membrane is an important element for nerve
conduction, muscle contraction, mitochondrial metabolism, and hormone secretion
✔✔ What is matter and what states can it exist in? - ✔✔Matter is anything that takes up
space, by having volume, and has mass. Can exist in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state.
✔✔Explain the difference between essential and trace elements - ✔✔Essential
elements are required for human life. Trace elements are only required in small
quantities
✔✔Describe an ionic bond - ✔✔formed when ions of molecules of opposite charge are
attracted to one another
✔✔Describe a covalent bond - ✔✔formed when electrons are shared equally between
two atoms to complete the valence shells of both
✔✔Describe a hydrogen bond - ✔✔formed by electrostatic interactions between
molecules- relatively weak and breaks easily
✔✔True or False: Anions are positive charged ions whereas cations are negatively
charged ions. - ✔✔False: cations are positively charged ions whereas anions are
negatively charged ions
✔✔Which of the following is not one of the organic compounds that make up a
biomacromolecule; lipids, proteins, ribosomes, or carbohydrates - ✔✔Ribosomes
✔✔What are carbohydrates? - ✔✔Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for
organisms and have the same three elements in their structure; carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen
✔✔Why are lipids unique among the biomacromolecules? - ✔✔They are unique
because most of them are insoluble in water. Lipids also are not monomers and instead
are assembled from smaller molecules that are chemically linked together
