Life Science 7C: Fall 2023 Midterm –
UCLA Test Questions Fully Solved.
What does complex multicellularity require? - Answer Cohesion among cells
Communication among cells
How do cells communicate? - Answer Through molecular signals
What are gap junctions? - Answer (communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels
between adjacent cells
What are the two things that influence cell activity? - Answer physical environment and
neighboring cells/nearby/distant
What are the 4 things that contribute to communication by chemical signals? - Answer
signaling cell, signaling molecule, receptor protein, and responding cell.
what does binding cause?
what is the process after receptor activation? - Answer binding >>> receptor activation >>>>
signal transduction >>>> response >>> termination
what are the differences between communication styles of unicellular eukaryotes and
multicellular eukaryotes? - Answer prokaryotes & unicellular eukaryotes= between individual
organisms
complex multicellular eukaryotes= between cells in the same organism
how does distance affect cell communication? - Answer cells far away from each other=
signal molecule is transported by the circulatory system
cells close together= move by diffusion
describe the 4 types of signaling - Answer 1) endocrine signaling= signaling by means of
traveling molecules
2) paracrine signaling= act on cells close together; nearby cells
,3) autocrine signaling= acts on itself
4) contact-dependent signaling= close contact between cells & the ECM
describe the receptors for a polar signal molecule and receptors for a nonpolar signal molecule.
where are they located? can they cross the cell surface? - Answer polar location= cell surface.
can not cross the cell surface
nonpolar location= inside the cell; can cross the cell surface
what are the three types of cell surface receptor types? - Answer 1) g-protein coupled
receptor= short responses
2) enzymes (receptor kinases)= ATP becomes a substrate; long responses.
3) ion channels= open or close
contrast receptor kinases and g-protein coupled receptors - Answer g-protein coupled
receptors have short responses . receptor kinases have longer responses.
what are the three germ layers and where are they located? - Answer 1) ectoderm,
mesoderm and endoderm.
2) the ectoderm is the outer layer. mesoderm is the inner layer. endoderm is inside the gut
lining.
describe totipotent cell, pluripotent cell, and multipotent cell. - Answer totipotent cell can
give rise to any organism (zygote). pluripotent cell can give rise to any of the 3 germ layers but
not an entire organism. multipotent cell can give rise to a limited #.
what are the 4 basic types of tissue? - Answer epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue shapes? - Answer flat, round and tall
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue? - Answer skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
what are the 2/3 elements of eukaryotic cells - Answer microfilaments, microtubules and in
animal cells they have intermediate filaments.
the three types of motor proteins and their functions are - Answer 1) myosin= muscle
contraction
, 2) kinesin= transports cargo toward microtubules
3) dyenin= transports cargo in the opposite direction of kinesin
what are the three types of cell junctions - Answer anchoring junctions (Desmosomes), tight
junctions, and gap junctions
what can cross the cell membrane and what can not? - Answer lipid soluble can cross
water soluble can not cross.
define binding affinity - Answer how long the signal stays bound
what is the relationship between kinesin and dyenin - Answer Kinesin and dynein move
things in opposite directions along the microtubule.
kinesin moves to the right and dyenin moves to the left.
define olfactory and auditory - Answer olfactory is smell. auditory is sound.
what are the three types of nerve cells and what do they do? - Answer 1) sensory neurons=
receive and transport info about the environment and respond to physical envo features (ex:
light/temp)
2) interneurons= communicate with motor neurons
3) motor neurons= stimulate muscle to produce movement
what does it mean to be at homeostasis - Answer Stable internal conditions (temperature,
blood sugar, pH, etc)
what are the only animals that lack a nervous system - Answer sponges
what is the relationship between dendrites and axons? - Answer dendrites are the input
ends. axons are the output ends.
dendrites receive signals. axons transmit signals.
define the axon hillock - Answer The junction between the cell body and the axon. This is
where summation of input occurs, potentially triggering an action potential
UCLA Test Questions Fully Solved.
What does complex multicellularity require? - Answer Cohesion among cells
Communication among cells
How do cells communicate? - Answer Through molecular signals
What are gap junctions? - Answer (communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels
between adjacent cells
What are the two things that influence cell activity? - Answer physical environment and
neighboring cells/nearby/distant
What are the 4 things that contribute to communication by chemical signals? - Answer
signaling cell, signaling molecule, receptor protein, and responding cell.
what does binding cause?
what is the process after receptor activation? - Answer binding >>> receptor activation >>>>
signal transduction >>>> response >>> termination
what are the differences between communication styles of unicellular eukaryotes and
multicellular eukaryotes? - Answer prokaryotes & unicellular eukaryotes= between individual
organisms
complex multicellular eukaryotes= between cells in the same organism
how does distance affect cell communication? - Answer cells far away from each other=
signal molecule is transported by the circulatory system
cells close together= move by diffusion
describe the 4 types of signaling - Answer 1) endocrine signaling= signaling by means of
traveling molecules
2) paracrine signaling= act on cells close together; nearby cells
,3) autocrine signaling= acts on itself
4) contact-dependent signaling= close contact between cells & the ECM
describe the receptors for a polar signal molecule and receptors for a nonpolar signal molecule.
where are they located? can they cross the cell surface? - Answer polar location= cell surface.
can not cross the cell surface
nonpolar location= inside the cell; can cross the cell surface
what are the three types of cell surface receptor types? - Answer 1) g-protein coupled
receptor= short responses
2) enzymes (receptor kinases)= ATP becomes a substrate; long responses.
3) ion channels= open or close
contrast receptor kinases and g-protein coupled receptors - Answer g-protein coupled
receptors have short responses . receptor kinases have longer responses.
what are the three germ layers and where are they located? - Answer 1) ectoderm,
mesoderm and endoderm.
2) the ectoderm is the outer layer. mesoderm is the inner layer. endoderm is inside the gut
lining.
describe totipotent cell, pluripotent cell, and multipotent cell. - Answer totipotent cell can
give rise to any organism (zygote). pluripotent cell can give rise to any of the 3 germ layers but
not an entire organism. multipotent cell can give rise to a limited #.
what are the 4 basic types of tissue? - Answer epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue shapes? - Answer flat, round and tall
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue? - Answer skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
what are the 2/3 elements of eukaryotic cells - Answer microfilaments, microtubules and in
animal cells they have intermediate filaments.
the three types of motor proteins and their functions are - Answer 1) myosin= muscle
contraction
, 2) kinesin= transports cargo toward microtubules
3) dyenin= transports cargo in the opposite direction of kinesin
what are the three types of cell junctions - Answer anchoring junctions (Desmosomes), tight
junctions, and gap junctions
what can cross the cell membrane and what can not? - Answer lipid soluble can cross
water soluble can not cross.
define binding affinity - Answer how long the signal stays bound
what is the relationship between kinesin and dyenin - Answer Kinesin and dynein move
things in opposite directions along the microtubule.
kinesin moves to the right and dyenin moves to the left.
define olfactory and auditory - Answer olfactory is smell. auditory is sound.
what are the three types of nerve cells and what do they do? - Answer 1) sensory neurons=
receive and transport info about the environment and respond to physical envo features (ex:
light/temp)
2) interneurons= communicate with motor neurons
3) motor neurons= stimulate muscle to produce movement
what does it mean to be at homeostasis - Answer Stable internal conditions (temperature,
blood sugar, pH, etc)
what are the only animals that lack a nervous system - Answer sponges
what is the relationship between dendrites and axons? - Answer dendrites are the input
ends. axons are the output ends.
dendrites receive signals. axons transmit signals.
define the axon hillock - Answer The junction between the cell body and the axon. This is
where summation of input occurs, potentially triggering an action potential
