LS7C: Final UCLA Latest Exam with
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-2027
Updated.
Cellular comm consists of 4 essential parts - Answer -signaling cell
-signaling molecule
-receptor protein
-responding cell
signaling cell - Answer The source of the signaling molecule
signaling molecule - Answer -carries info from 1 cell to the next
-binds to a receptor protein on/in the responding cell
-vary immensely and include peptides, lipids, and gases
responding cell - Answer The cell that receives info from the signaling molecule
steps in cell signaling - Answer -1. receptor activation
-2.signal transduction
-3. response
-4. termination
what can be a response to cell signaling - Answer -Cell signals are released to communicate
with other cells.
-Cell division is triggered.
-Enzyme activities are changed.
-Gene expression patterns are changed.
Signal transduction results in - Answer a response by the cell
endocrine signaling - Answer Signaling by means of molecules that travel through the
bloodstream
paracrine signaling - Answer -signaling molecule can simply move by diffusion between 2
cells
, -signal is usually a small + water-soluble molecule such as a growth factor
growth factor - Answer -type of signaling molecule that causes the responding cell to grow,
divide, or differentiate
-typically the signal in paracrine signaling
PDGF - Answer -platelet-derived growth factor
-growth factor secreted by platelets
autocrine signaling - Answer -where signaling cell and responding cell are 1 and the same
-especially important to multicellular orgs during the development of embryo
polar sig molecules - Answer can't pass through cell membrane by selves
non polar sig molecules - Answer can pass through cell membrane by selves/via diffusion
travel by diffusion. - Answer Signaling molecules in paracrine and autocrine signaling
ligand-binding site bond - Answer -bond is noncovalent
-highly specific (binds only to a specific receptor)
steroid hormones - Answer -nonpolar signaling molecules
-endocrine signaling
receptor-steroid complexes - Answer steroid hormones bind to receptor proteins located in
the cytosol or in the nucleus to form
a protein is phosphorylated by a kinase - Answer typically becomes active and is switched on
phosphorylation - Answer transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate
Phosphatase - Answer -remove a phosphate group
-when a protein is dephosphorylated by this it typically becomes inactive and is switched off
dephosphorylation - Answer when you remove a phosphate group
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-2027
Updated.
Cellular comm consists of 4 essential parts - Answer -signaling cell
-signaling molecule
-receptor protein
-responding cell
signaling cell - Answer The source of the signaling molecule
signaling molecule - Answer -carries info from 1 cell to the next
-binds to a receptor protein on/in the responding cell
-vary immensely and include peptides, lipids, and gases
responding cell - Answer The cell that receives info from the signaling molecule
steps in cell signaling - Answer -1. receptor activation
-2.signal transduction
-3. response
-4. termination
what can be a response to cell signaling - Answer -Cell signals are released to communicate
with other cells.
-Cell division is triggered.
-Enzyme activities are changed.
-Gene expression patterns are changed.
Signal transduction results in - Answer a response by the cell
endocrine signaling - Answer Signaling by means of molecules that travel through the
bloodstream
paracrine signaling - Answer -signaling molecule can simply move by diffusion between 2
cells
, -signal is usually a small + water-soluble molecule such as a growth factor
growth factor - Answer -type of signaling molecule that causes the responding cell to grow,
divide, or differentiate
-typically the signal in paracrine signaling
PDGF - Answer -platelet-derived growth factor
-growth factor secreted by platelets
autocrine signaling - Answer -where signaling cell and responding cell are 1 and the same
-especially important to multicellular orgs during the development of embryo
polar sig molecules - Answer can't pass through cell membrane by selves
non polar sig molecules - Answer can pass through cell membrane by selves/via diffusion
travel by diffusion. - Answer Signaling molecules in paracrine and autocrine signaling
ligand-binding site bond - Answer -bond is noncovalent
-highly specific (binds only to a specific receptor)
steroid hormones - Answer -nonpolar signaling molecules
-endocrine signaling
receptor-steroid complexes - Answer steroid hormones bind to receptor proteins located in
the cytosol or in the nucleus to form
a protein is phosphorylated by a kinase - Answer typically becomes active and is switched on
phosphorylation - Answer transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate
Phosphatase - Answer -remove a phosphate group
-when a protein is dephosphorylated by this it typically becomes inactive and is switched off
dephosphorylation - Answer when you remove a phosphate group
