NUR 641E Final Exam QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (100 % CORRECT
AND VERIFIED) ALREADY PASSED!!
Pharmacokinetics involves -CORRECTANSWER a: Absorption: absorption from the
administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
b: Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial
and intracellular fluid.
c: Metabolism: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues.
d: Elimination: the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is -CORRECTANSWER
Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption
Intravenous route avoids -CORRECTANSWER First-pass metabolism in the liver
Rectal administration has -CORRECTANSWER variable and erratic absorption
Steady State (SS) is usually reached within -CORRECTANSWER 4-5 half-lives of a
drug
,Half-life of a drug is -CORRECTANSWER How long it takes for the drug to be excreted
from the body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means -CORRECTANSWER The metabolism is
directly proportional to the free concentration of the drug
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means -CORRECTANSWER A drug is
metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if -CORRECTANSWER Any
CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA -
CORRECTANSWER a: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication pharmacokinetics
(Phase 1)
,d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in a population for
which the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept medications or
placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies
(Phase 4)
Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), and the Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) -CORRECTANSWER a: The
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention
(NCC MERP)
, e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) -CORRECTANSWER
Pharmacological and Idiosyncratic
Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological -CORRECTANSWER 85%-
90%
Adverse drug reactions are usually -CORRECTANSWER Preventable, frequently occur
in a hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug
effects, and allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported -CORRECTANSWER No, ADRs are not
commonly reported, the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported
Polypharmacy -CORRECTANSWER Involves using multiple health care providers for
care, using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) -CORRECTANSWER Lisinopril,
Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
How ACEI reduce blood pressure -CORRECTANSWER ACEI reduce blood pressure
by suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (100 % CORRECT
AND VERIFIED) ALREADY PASSED!!
Pharmacokinetics involves -CORRECTANSWER a: Absorption: absorption from the
administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
b: Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial
and intracellular fluid.
c: Metabolism: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues.
d: Elimination: the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is -CORRECTANSWER
Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption
Intravenous route avoids -CORRECTANSWER First-pass metabolism in the liver
Rectal administration has -CORRECTANSWER variable and erratic absorption
Steady State (SS) is usually reached within -CORRECTANSWER 4-5 half-lives of a
drug
,Half-life of a drug is -CORRECTANSWER How long it takes for the drug to be excreted
from the body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means -CORRECTANSWER The metabolism is
directly proportional to the free concentration of the drug
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means -CORRECTANSWER A drug is
metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if -CORRECTANSWER Any
CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA -
CORRECTANSWER a: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication pharmacokinetics
(Phase 1)
,d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in a population for
which the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept medications or
placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies
(Phase 4)
Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), and the Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) -CORRECTANSWER a: The
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention
(NCC MERP)
, e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) -CORRECTANSWER
Pharmacological and Idiosyncratic
Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological -CORRECTANSWER 85%-
90%
Adverse drug reactions are usually -CORRECTANSWER Preventable, frequently occur
in a hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug
effects, and allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported -CORRECTANSWER No, ADRs are not
commonly reported, the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported
Polypharmacy -CORRECTANSWER Involves using multiple health care providers for
care, using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) -CORRECTANSWER Lisinopril,
Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
How ACEI reduce blood pressure -CORRECTANSWER ACEI reduce blood pressure
by suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme
