BIO 105 EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE EVOLUTION
AND ECOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Is a virus considered a living organism?
Answer: No, because they do not have the ability of processing
energy by themselves, they need a host cell to do so
◉ How would an influenza virus get into your body?
Answer: Into the respiratory system through the nose or mouth,
which then moves down the pharynx into the trachea and lungs
◉ What type of cells do flu viruses target?
Answer: epithelial cells lining the respiratory system
◉ How does the genetic material of viruses differ from that of
humans?
Answer: The genetic material of viruses can be DNA or RNA, while
the genetic material of humans in always DNA
◉ lytic life cycle
Answer: immediately use host cell resources to manufacture new
viruses. 1. Attachment > 3. Biosynthesis > 4. Maturation > 5. Release
, ◉ lysogenic life cycle
Answer: integrate directly into host cell genome and delay its own
reproduction until a later time. 1. Attachment > 2. Penetration > 3.
Biosynthesis > 4. Maturation > 5. Release
◉ capsid
Answer: Outer protein coat of a virus
◉ H & N Spikes
Answer: theyre made of glycoprotein (protein w a sugar attached)
and assist the virus in identifying and entering its host cell
◉ antigen
Answer: a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune
response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
◉ antigentic drift
Answer: loss of original genetic diversity (bottleneck effect &
founder effect)
◉ bottleneck effect
AND ECOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Is a virus considered a living organism?
Answer: No, because they do not have the ability of processing
energy by themselves, they need a host cell to do so
◉ How would an influenza virus get into your body?
Answer: Into the respiratory system through the nose or mouth,
which then moves down the pharynx into the trachea and lungs
◉ What type of cells do flu viruses target?
Answer: epithelial cells lining the respiratory system
◉ How does the genetic material of viruses differ from that of
humans?
Answer: The genetic material of viruses can be DNA or RNA, while
the genetic material of humans in always DNA
◉ lytic life cycle
Answer: immediately use host cell resources to manufacture new
viruses. 1. Attachment > 3. Biosynthesis > 4. Maturation > 5. Release
, ◉ lysogenic life cycle
Answer: integrate directly into host cell genome and delay its own
reproduction until a later time. 1. Attachment > 2. Penetration > 3.
Biosynthesis > 4. Maturation > 5. Release
◉ capsid
Answer: Outer protein coat of a virus
◉ H & N Spikes
Answer: theyre made of glycoprotein (protein w a sugar attached)
and assist the virus in identifying and entering its host cell
◉ antigen
Answer: a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune
response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
◉ antigentic drift
Answer: loss of original genetic diversity (bottleneck effect &
founder effect)
◉ bottleneck effect
