BIO 105 EXAM 3 HIGH-YIELD ECOSYSTEMS,
BIODIVERSITY, AND ECOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS SUMMARY 2026
◉ What is the two-step process for Vitamin D activation?
Answer: First, conversion in the liver, followed by renal conversion
in the kidneys.
◉ What causes gout?
Answer: The accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading
to inflammatory arthritis.
◉ What is the micturition reflex?
Answer: The reflex initiated by stretch receptors in the bladder wall
when it fills, signaling the brain that urination is needed.
◉ What are the three prominent regions of the kidney?
Answer: Renal cortex (outer), renal medulla (inner), and renal pelvis
(central cavity).
◉ What is a nephron?
,Answer: The microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible
for producing urine.
◉ Where does the filtration of blood occur within the nephron?
Answer: In the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule).
◉ What is the difference between tubular reabsorption and tubular
secretion?
Answer: Reabsorption returns essential molecules from the filtrate
to the blood, while secretion removes waste products from the blood
into the tubules.
◉ Name the three sections of the renal tubule.
Answer: Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of the nephron
(Loop of Henle), and distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
◉ What is the function of Aldosterone in urine regulation?
Answer: It increases the reabsorption of sodium and water, thereby
increasing blood volume and pressure.
◉ What is the function of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answer: It increases the absorption of water, conserving water and
increasing blood volume.
, ◉ What is the function of Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
Answer: It decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water, leading
to decreased blood volume and pressure.
◉ What type of tissue lines the urinary bladder and allows it to
stretch?
Answer: Transitional epithelium.
◉ What is hemodialysis?
Answer: A medical procedure using an artificial kidney machine to
cleanse the blood of waste products.
◉ What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Answer: Mitosis is for growth and cell repair, while meiosis is for the
production of gametes (sperm and egg).
◉ What is a zygote?
Answer: A diploid cell formed when a haploid sperm fertilizes a
haploid egg, containing 46 chromosomes.
◉ What does it mean for the reproductive system to be 'sexually
indifferent' in early development?
Answer: It means the embryo lacks distinct male or female
characteristics before the gonads differentiate.
BIODIVERSITY, AND ECOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS SUMMARY 2026
◉ What is the two-step process for Vitamin D activation?
Answer: First, conversion in the liver, followed by renal conversion
in the kidneys.
◉ What causes gout?
Answer: The accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading
to inflammatory arthritis.
◉ What is the micturition reflex?
Answer: The reflex initiated by stretch receptors in the bladder wall
when it fills, signaling the brain that urination is needed.
◉ What are the three prominent regions of the kidney?
Answer: Renal cortex (outer), renal medulla (inner), and renal pelvis
(central cavity).
◉ What is a nephron?
,Answer: The microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible
for producing urine.
◉ Where does the filtration of blood occur within the nephron?
Answer: In the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule).
◉ What is the difference between tubular reabsorption and tubular
secretion?
Answer: Reabsorption returns essential molecules from the filtrate
to the blood, while secretion removes waste products from the blood
into the tubules.
◉ Name the three sections of the renal tubule.
Answer: Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of the nephron
(Loop of Henle), and distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
◉ What is the function of Aldosterone in urine regulation?
Answer: It increases the reabsorption of sodium and water, thereby
increasing blood volume and pressure.
◉ What is the function of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answer: It increases the absorption of water, conserving water and
increasing blood volume.
, ◉ What is the function of Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
Answer: It decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water, leading
to decreased blood volume and pressure.
◉ What type of tissue lines the urinary bladder and allows it to
stretch?
Answer: Transitional epithelium.
◉ What is hemodialysis?
Answer: A medical procedure using an artificial kidney machine to
cleanse the blood of waste products.
◉ What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Answer: Mitosis is for growth and cell repair, while meiosis is for the
production of gametes (sperm and egg).
◉ What is a zygote?
Answer: A diploid cell formed when a haploid sperm fertilizes a
haploid egg, containing 46 chromosomes.
◉ What does it mean for the reproductive system to be 'sexually
indifferent' in early development?
Answer: It means the embryo lacks distinct male or female
characteristics before the gonads differentiate.
