BIO 116 1 MIAMI UNIVERSITY FINAL
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Transpired water is replaced as water travels _____.
Answer: up from the roots
◍ Plants receive signals from the environment & respond by ______..
Answer: altering growth & development
◍ Any response resulting in a curvature of organs toward or away from a
stimulus is called a ______..
Answer: tropism
◍ Response to light; mediated by the hormone auxin.
Answer: Phototropism
◍ Shoots show ______ phototropism, roots show _____..
Answer: positive; negative
◍ Response to gravity; mediated by the hormone auxin as well as in some
plants detection of gravity occurs by the settling of statoliths.
Answer: Gravitropism
◍ Atoms.
Answer: the basic units of matter; made of protons (+), neutrons (0), and
electrons (-)
◍ Dense cytoplasmic components.
Answer: statoliths
◍ Isotopes.
Answer: same atoms but different number of neutrons and therefore have a
different mass
,◍ Elements.
Answer: substance made up of one type of atom
◍ 95% of Elements Making Up Living Matter.
Answer: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)
◍ Shoots show _____ gravitropism, roots show ________..
Answer: negative; positive
◍ 0.5% of Elements Making Up Living Matter.
Answer: phosphorous (P) and sulfur (S)
◍ Molecules.
Answer: bonding of different elements; results in different properties than
those of the individual elements
◍ Response to touch (rapid leaf movements in response to mechanical
stimulation/disturbance)Ex. Mimosa pudica.
Answer: Thigmotropism
◍ Covalent Bonds.
Answer: strongest bond type; formed by the sharing of electrons; does not
dissolve in water; polar and non-polar; energy needed to break (ex. water)
◍ Ionic Bonds.
Answer: formed by the gain or loss of electrons; form ions: cation (+) and
anion (-); dissolves in water; used in DNA; charged atoms are attracted to
each other (ex. salt)
◍ Hydrogen Bonds.
Answer: weak, but strong in numbers
◍ Transmission of electrical impulses that cause a touch response.
Answer: Action potentials
◍ When electrical potential reaches motor cells at the base of the leaflet, the
folding is caused by a _________ out of motor cells.
Answer: rapid efflux of potassium followed by rapid water transport
,◍ Water (H20).
Answer: universal solvent due to its polar nature; hydrogen bonds form
between water molecules; anything polar will dissolve in water
◍ Hydrophilic.
Answer: water loving; true of polar molecules
◍ effects of light on plant morphology.
Answer: photomorphogenesis
◍ 2 major classes of light receptors that mediate photomorphogenesis.
Answer: blue-light photoreceptors & phytochrome (for red & far-red lights)
◍ Hydrophobic.
Answer: water fearing; true of non-polar molecules
◍ Morphological adaptations for growing in darkness.
Answer: Etiolation
◍ Changes in which shoots and roots then begin to grow normally.
Answer: De-etiolation
◍ Amphipathic.
Answer: part of the molecule is hydrophilic and part is hydrophobic (ex.
proteins)
◍ 4 Phytochrome responses.
Answer: De-etiolation, seed germination, shade avoidance, & control of
biological clock
◍ Cohesion.
Answer: water molecules attaching to one another
◍ Phytochromes exist in 2 photoreversible states with a conversation of _____
to ____ triggering many developmental responses.
Answer: P(r) to P(fr)
◍ A naturally occurring organic molecule that is synthesized in one part of the
organism and has an effect on another part of the organism.
, Answer: Hormone
◍ Adhesion.
Answer: water molecules attaching to other molecules
◍ Water Properties.
Answer: all caused by hydrogen bonds:-surface tension -cohesion and
adhesion -support -dehydration and hydrolysis
◍ Dehydration.
Answer: removing H2O to create larger polymers
◍ In a plant cell, most hormones can also have significant effects in _______
where they are synthesized.
Answer: the same cells
◍ Hydrolysis.
Answer: breaking large polymers by adding H2O
◍ Organic.
Answer: carbon and hydrogen bonded; abundant in living and formerly
living organisms
◍ Macromolecules.
Answer: large biological molecules: - carbohydrates - lipids- proteins -
nucleic acids
◍ Carbon.
Answer: has 4 unpaired elections in the outer shell, allowing it to bond with
4 other molecules; form polar and non-polar bonds
◍ Functional Groups.
Answer: side groups bonded to carbon chains; have special characteristics
◍ Polymer.
Answer: a chain of repeating, not necessarily identical units
◍ Plant hormones are ______ that modify or control one or more specific
physiological processes within a plant.
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Transpired water is replaced as water travels _____.
Answer: up from the roots
◍ Plants receive signals from the environment & respond by ______..
Answer: altering growth & development
◍ Any response resulting in a curvature of organs toward or away from a
stimulus is called a ______..
Answer: tropism
◍ Response to light; mediated by the hormone auxin.
Answer: Phototropism
◍ Shoots show ______ phototropism, roots show _____..
Answer: positive; negative
◍ Response to gravity; mediated by the hormone auxin as well as in some
plants detection of gravity occurs by the settling of statoliths.
Answer: Gravitropism
◍ Atoms.
Answer: the basic units of matter; made of protons (+), neutrons (0), and
electrons (-)
◍ Dense cytoplasmic components.
Answer: statoliths
◍ Isotopes.
Answer: same atoms but different number of neutrons and therefore have a
different mass
,◍ Elements.
Answer: substance made up of one type of atom
◍ 95% of Elements Making Up Living Matter.
Answer: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)
◍ Shoots show _____ gravitropism, roots show ________..
Answer: negative; positive
◍ 0.5% of Elements Making Up Living Matter.
Answer: phosphorous (P) and sulfur (S)
◍ Molecules.
Answer: bonding of different elements; results in different properties than
those of the individual elements
◍ Response to touch (rapid leaf movements in response to mechanical
stimulation/disturbance)Ex. Mimosa pudica.
Answer: Thigmotropism
◍ Covalent Bonds.
Answer: strongest bond type; formed by the sharing of electrons; does not
dissolve in water; polar and non-polar; energy needed to break (ex. water)
◍ Ionic Bonds.
Answer: formed by the gain or loss of electrons; form ions: cation (+) and
anion (-); dissolves in water; used in DNA; charged atoms are attracted to
each other (ex. salt)
◍ Hydrogen Bonds.
Answer: weak, but strong in numbers
◍ Transmission of electrical impulses that cause a touch response.
Answer: Action potentials
◍ When electrical potential reaches motor cells at the base of the leaflet, the
folding is caused by a _________ out of motor cells.
Answer: rapid efflux of potassium followed by rapid water transport
,◍ Water (H20).
Answer: universal solvent due to its polar nature; hydrogen bonds form
between water molecules; anything polar will dissolve in water
◍ Hydrophilic.
Answer: water loving; true of polar molecules
◍ effects of light on plant morphology.
Answer: photomorphogenesis
◍ 2 major classes of light receptors that mediate photomorphogenesis.
Answer: blue-light photoreceptors & phytochrome (for red & far-red lights)
◍ Hydrophobic.
Answer: water fearing; true of non-polar molecules
◍ Morphological adaptations for growing in darkness.
Answer: Etiolation
◍ Changes in which shoots and roots then begin to grow normally.
Answer: De-etiolation
◍ Amphipathic.
Answer: part of the molecule is hydrophilic and part is hydrophobic (ex.
proteins)
◍ 4 Phytochrome responses.
Answer: De-etiolation, seed germination, shade avoidance, & control of
biological clock
◍ Cohesion.
Answer: water molecules attaching to one another
◍ Phytochromes exist in 2 photoreversible states with a conversation of _____
to ____ triggering many developmental responses.
Answer: P(r) to P(fr)
◍ A naturally occurring organic molecule that is synthesized in one part of the
organism and has an effect on another part of the organism.
, Answer: Hormone
◍ Adhesion.
Answer: water molecules attaching to other molecules
◍ Water Properties.
Answer: all caused by hydrogen bonds:-surface tension -cohesion and
adhesion -support -dehydration and hydrolysis
◍ Dehydration.
Answer: removing H2O to create larger polymers
◍ In a plant cell, most hormones can also have significant effects in _______
where they are synthesized.
Answer: the same cells
◍ Hydrolysis.
Answer: breaking large polymers by adding H2O
◍ Organic.
Answer: carbon and hydrogen bonded; abundant in living and formerly
living organisms
◍ Macromolecules.
Answer: large biological molecules: - carbohydrates - lipids- proteins -
nucleic acids
◍ Carbon.
Answer: has 4 unpaired elections in the outer shell, allowing it to bond with
4 other molecules; form polar and non-polar bonds
◍ Functional Groups.
Answer: side groups bonded to carbon chains; have special characteristics
◍ Polymer.
Answer: a chain of repeating, not necessarily identical units
◍ Plant hormones are ______ that modify or control one or more specific
physiological processes within a plant.
