BIO 152 MODULE 4 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Transcription occurs in.
Answer: nucleus
◍ Where do autotrophs get carbon?.
Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
◍ A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time,
the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45.
Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to
reproduce, because of both competition for food and predation. In a single
generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the
population increased to 80. Which inference(s) about this population might
be true?.
Answer: 1. The amount of available food may have increased.2. The number
of predators that prey upon squirrels may have decreased.
◍ Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (
J. monosperma) have overlapping ranges. If pollen grains (which contain
sperm cells) from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen
tubes on female ovules (which contain egg cells) of the other species, then
which of these terms are applicable?sympatric speciesprezygotic
isolationpostzygotic isolationallopatric specieshabitat isolationreduced
hybrid fertility.
Answer: 1 and 2
◍ Central Nervous System (CNS).
Answer: The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal
, cord.
◍ Hydrogen bonds in DNA.
Answer: A-T = 2 hydrogen bondsG-C = 3 hydrogen bonds
◍ What forms the backbone of DNA?.
Answer: sugar and phosphate
◍ What did rising oxygen levels allow?.
Answer: Aerobic respiration and more complex life.
◍ Action Potential.
Answer: A rapid, temporary change in membrane potential that propagates
along the axon of a neuron.
◍ Random Disperion Pattern.
Answer: Spread unpredictably
◍ DNA triplet.
Answer: a sequence of three nucleotides eg. ATC, that codes for a particular
amino acid
◍ What is a replication bubble?.
Answer: A region where DNA strands separate and replication occurs.
◍ Transcription.
Answer: (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a
gene is copied into mRNA
◍ K-Selection.
Answer: (Quality) Survival in stable environments, long lifespan, large size,
few offspring, and low mortality. Examples: Humans
◍ Why must a purine pair with a pyrimidine?.
Answer: To maintain uniform DNA width (one large + one small).
◍ Presynaptic neuron.
Answer: Sends signal.
◍ Are algae monophyletic?.
, Answer: No
◍ Relative Refractory Period.
Answer: The period following the absolute refractory period when a
stronger-than-normal stimulus can initiate an action potential.
◍ Membrane potential.
Answer: Electrical charge difference inside vs outside cell.
◍ Sensory neuron.
Answer: Carries information to CNS from receptors.
◍ All protists are.
Answer: eukaryotic
◍ EPSPs.
Answer: Excitatory postsynaptic potentials that make a neuron more likely
to fire an action potential.
◍ Exponential Growth.
Answer: Growth whose rate becomes more rapid in proportion to the
growing total number or size
◍ Are algae important in aquatic systems?.
Answer: Yes — many are photoautotrophs.
◍ After geographic separation, what process would be the last step before
reproductive isolation?.
Answer: natural selection
◍ Saltatory Conduction.
Answer: The process by which action potentials jump from one node of
Ranvier to another, speeding up signal transmission.
◍ What groups evolved complex multicellularity?.
Answer: Animals, plants, fungi (and others independently).
◍ How many karyotypes do humans have?.
Answer: 46 (23 pairs)
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Transcription occurs in.
Answer: nucleus
◍ Where do autotrophs get carbon?.
Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
◍ A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time,
the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45.
Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to
reproduce, because of both competition for food and predation. In a single
generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the
population increased to 80. Which inference(s) about this population might
be true?.
Answer: 1. The amount of available food may have increased.2. The number
of predators that prey upon squirrels may have decreased.
◍ Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (
J. monosperma) have overlapping ranges. If pollen grains (which contain
sperm cells) from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen
tubes on female ovules (which contain egg cells) of the other species, then
which of these terms are applicable?sympatric speciesprezygotic
isolationpostzygotic isolationallopatric specieshabitat isolationreduced
hybrid fertility.
Answer: 1 and 2
◍ Central Nervous System (CNS).
Answer: The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal
, cord.
◍ Hydrogen bonds in DNA.
Answer: A-T = 2 hydrogen bondsG-C = 3 hydrogen bonds
◍ What forms the backbone of DNA?.
Answer: sugar and phosphate
◍ What did rising oxygen levels allow?.
Answer: Aerobic respiration and more complex life.
◍ Action Potential.
Answer: A rapid, temporary change in membrane potential that propagates
along the axon of a neuron.
◍ Random Disperion Pattern.
Answer: Spread unpredictably
◍ DNA triplet.
Answer: a sequence of three nucleotides eg. ATC, that codes for a particular
amino acid
◍ What is a replication bubble?.
Answer: A region where DNA strands separate and replication occurs.
◍ Transcription.
Answer: (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a
gene is copied into mRNA
◍ K-Selection.
Answer: (Quality) Survival in stable environments, long lifespan, large size,
few offspring, and low mortality. Examples: Humans
◍ Why must a purine pair with a pyrimidine?.
Answer: To maintain uniform DNA width (one large + one small).
◍ Presynaptic neuron.
Answer: Sends signal.
◍ Are algae monophyletic?.
, Answer: No
◍ Relative Refractory Period.
Answer: The period following the absolute refractory period when a
stronger-than-normal stimulus can initiate an action potential.
◍ Membrane potential.
Answer: Electrical charge difference inside vs outside cell.
◍ Sensory neuron.
Answer: Carries information to CNS from receptors.
◍ All protists are.
Answer: eukaryotic
◍ EPSPs.
Answer: Excitatory postsynaptic potentials that make a neuron more likely
to fire an action potential.
◍ Exponential Growth.
Answer: Growth whose rate becomes more rapid in proportion to the
growing total number or size
◍ Are algae important in aquatic systems?.
Answer: Yes — many are photoautotrophs.
◍ After geographic separation, what process would be the last step before
reproductive isolation?.
Answer: natural selection
◍ Saltatory Conduction.
Answer: The process by which action potentials jump from one node of
Ranvier to another, speeding up signal transmission.
◍ What groups evolved complex multicellularity?.
Answer: Animals, plants, fungi (and others independently).
◍ How many karyotypes do humans have?.
Answer: 46 (23 pairs)
