BIO 168 2 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Anatomy.
Answer: study of structure/cut apart and separate the parts of the body for
study.
◍ 4 key concepts studying biological organisms.
Answer: structure and function, movement of chemicals along gradients, cell
to cell communication, feedback loops.
◍ Developmental Anatomy.
Answer: structural changes from conception through adulthood
◍ Embryology.
Answer: Conception to week eight of development.
◍ Cytology.
Answer: structural features of cells
◍ How many lumbar do you have?.
Answer: 5
◍ Histology.
Answer: Study of tissues and the materials surrounding them.
◍ Gross Anatomy.
Answer: large structures, easily observable
◍ How can you tell its a lumbar vertabra?.
Answer: No costal facets, short spinous process
◍ System.
, Answer: group of structures that have one or more common functions.
Studied system by system.
◍ Four types of bone cells.
Answer: osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
◍ Regional Anatomy.
Answer: specific regions of the body such as the head or chest
◍ surface anatomy.
Answer: exterior features used as anatomical landmarks.
◍ Anatomical anomalies.
Answer: physical characteristics that differ from the normal pattern
◍ Anatomical Imaging.
Answer: uses radiographs (x-rays), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures
◍ Physiology.
Answer: Examines body to stimuli, body maintenance.
◍ cell physiology.
Answer: examines the processes occurring in cells ex. Energy production
from food.
◍ systemic physiology.
Answer: functions of an organ system
◍ describe the function of osteogenic cells.
Answer: only cell that divides, they differentiate and develop into
osteoblasts
◍ Pathology.
Answer: study of disease
◍ Six levels of organization of the body.
Answer: 1. Chemical2. Cells3. Tissues4. Organs5. Organ Systems6.
Organism
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Anatomy.
Answer: study of structure/cut apart and separate the parts of the body for
study.
◍ 4 key concepts studying biological organisms.
Answer: structure and function, movement of chemicals along gradients, cell
to cell communication, feedback loops.
◍ Developmental Anatomy.
Answer: structural changes from conception through adulthood
◍ Embryology.
Answer: Conception to week eight of development.
◍ Cytology.
Answer: structural features of cells
◍ How many lumbar do you have?.
Answer: 5
◍ Histology.
Answer: Study of tissues and the materials surrounding them.
◍ Gross Anatomy.
Answer: large structures, easily observable
◍ How can you tell its a lumbar vertabra?.
Answer: No costal facets, short spinous process
◍ System.
, Answer: group of structures that have one or more common functions.
Studied system by system.
◍ Four types of bone cells.
Answer: osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
◍ Regional Anatomy.
Answer: specific regions of the body such as the head or chest
◍ surface anatomy.
Answer: exterior features used as anatomical landmarks.
◍ Anatomical anomalies.
Answer: physical characteristics that differ from the normal pattern
◍ Anatomical Imaging.
Answer: uses radiographs (x-rays), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures
◍ Physiology.
Answer: Examines body to stimuli, body maintenance.
◍ cell physiology.
Answer: examines the processes occurring in cells ex. Energy production
from food.
◍ systemic physiology.
Answer: functions of an organ system
◍ describe the function of osteogenic cells.
Answer: only cell that divides, they differentiate and develop into
osteoblasts
◍ Pathology.
Answer: study of disease
◍ Six levels of organization of the body.
Answer: 1. Chemical2. Cells3. Tissues4. Organs5. Organ Systems6.
Organism
