NUR 521 EXAM 4 BLUEPRINT PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATED | 100% CORRECT | ALREADY
GRADED A+
1. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause hypercalcemia,
and what is a common clinical manifestation associated with it?
A) Chronic kidney disease; muscle cramps
B) Hyperparathyroidism; nausea and confusion
C) Vitamin D deficiency; bone pain
D) Acute pancreatitis; diarrhea
2. Overflow incontinence is:
The involuntary loss of urine that occurs soon after feeling an
urgency to void
Urine loss caused by the inability to reach the toilet
Experiencing emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the
need to void
The involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistension of the
bladder
3. Which of the following can be causes of metabolic acidosis?
COPD, apnea, circulatory failure, hypoventilation
hyperventilation, high altitudes, drug reaction
ingestion of acid, chronic renal failure, diabetes, diarrhea,
, vomiting of intestinal contents
ingestion of alkali, vomiting of gastric contents, diuretics
4. Nephritic and nephrotic syndromes can be distinguished by
Patients with nephritis syndrome have more severe edema than
those with nephrotic syndrome
, A patient with nephrotic syndrome will have brown foamy urine that
resembles cola
The symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are mainly associated with
glomerular damage rather than inflammation
The urine of nephritic patients will have very high levels of protein
5. How will an isotonic solution affect cell size?
Cell will swell
Cell will shrink
No change in cell size
6. Renal acute injury can be cause by all of the following except:
Hypovolemia (dehydration, hemorrhage)
Urine obstruction
nephrotoxic drugs
Elevated BUN and creatinine
7. When educating your patient about the differences between
glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, which from the following
choices would the nurse INCLUDE in their education.
Glomerulonephritis is defined as the glomerulus becoming
excessively permeable to plasma proteins.
Nephrotic syndrome is defined as the inflammation of the glomeruli,
affecting both kidneys equally.
Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by streptococcal infections
Glomerulonephritis can either be acute or chronic.
Edema, a manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, will show around
the eye at first (peri-orbital), and then progress to involve the whole
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATED | 100% CORRECT | ALREADY
GRADED A+
1. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause hypercalcemia,
and what is a common clinical manifestation associated with it?
A) Chronic kidney disease; muscle cramps
B) Hyperparathyroidism; nausea and confusion
C) Vitamin D deficiency; bone pain
D) Acute pancreatitis; diarrhea
2. Overflow incontinence is:
The involuntary loss of urine that occurs soon after feeling an
urgency to void
Urine loss caused by the inability to reach the toilet
Experiencing emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the
need to void
The involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistension of the
bladder
3. Which of the following can be causes of metabolic acidosis?
COPD, apnea, circulatory failure, hypoventilation
hyperventilation, high altitudes, drug reaction
ingestion of acid, chronic renal failure, diabetes, diarrhea,
, vomiting of intestinal contents
ingestion of alkali, vomiting of gastric contents, diuretics
4. Nephritic and nephrotic syndromes can be distinguished by
Patients with nephritis syndrome have more severe edema than
those with nephrotic syndrome
, A patient with nephrotic syndrome will have brown foamy urine that
resembles cola
The symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are mainly associated with
glomerular damage rather than inflammation
The urine of nephritic patients will have very high levels of protein
5. How will an isotonic solution affect cell size?
Cell will swell
Cell will shrink
No change in cell size
6. Renal acute injury can be cause by all of the following except:
Hypovolemia (dehydration, hemorrhage)
Urine obstruction
nephrotoxic drugs
Elevated BUN and creatinine
7. When educating your patient about the differences between
glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, which from the following
choices would the nurse INCLUDE in their education.
Glomerulonephritis is defined as the glomerulus becoming
excessively permeable to plasma proteins.
Nephrotic syndrome is defined as the inflammation of the glomeruli,
affecting both kidneys equally.
Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by streptococcal infections
Glomerulonephritis can either be acute or chronic.
Edema, a manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, will show around
the eye at first (peri-orbital), and then progress to involve the whole
