BIO 181 QUIZ 1 UPDATED EXAM MOCK TEST WITH ANSWER RATIONALES 2026

BIO 181 QUIZ 1 UPDATED EXAM MOCK TEST
WITH ANSWER RATIONALES 2026

◉ Plasma membrane.
Answer: Selective barrier surrounding all cells that regulates
movement of substances in and out.


◉ Cytoplasm.
Answer: Internal fluid region of the cell containing organelles and
molecules.


◉ Genome.
Answer: Complete set of DNA in a cell.


◉ Ribosomes.
Answer: Structures made of RNA and protein that synthesize
proteins.


◉ Surface area-to-volume ratio.
Answer: Relationship limiting cell size because cells need enough
membrane to exchange materials efficiently.

,◉ Prokaryotic cell.
Answer: Simple cell lacking nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.


◉ Eukaryotic cell.
Answer: Complex cell containing nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.


◉ Nucleoid.
Answer: Region in prokaryotes where DNA is located.


◉ Peptidoglycan.
Answer: Structural molecule in bacterial cell walls.


◉ Compartmentalization.
Answer: Separation of cellular functions into membrane-bound
organelles in eukaryotes.


◉ Organelles.
Answer: Specialized membrane-bound structures inside eukaryotic
cells.


◉ Nuclear envelope.

, Answer: Double membrane surrounding nucleus.


◉ Nuclear pores.
Answer: Protein-lined openings regulating transport into/out of
nucleus.


◉ Chromatin.
Answer: DNA-protein complex inside nucleus.


◉ Nucleolus.
Answer: Dense region where ribosomes are assembled.


◉ Rough ER.
Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes that
synthesizes membrane and secreted proteins.


◉ Smooth ER.
Answer: ER involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium
storage.


◉ Glycosylation.
Answer: Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins.