BIO 181 QUIZ 2 HIGH-YIELD GENETICS AND CELL PROCESSES SUMMARY 2026

BIO 181 QUIZ 2 HIGH-YIELD GENETICS AND
CELL PROCESSES SUMMARY 2026

◉ Leading Strand.
Answer: Continuously synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.


◉ Lagging Strand.
Answer: Discontinuously synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction with
Okazaki fragments.


◉ Okazaki Fragments.
Answer: Short DNA segments on the lagging strand.


◉ Nucleotide Addition Direction.
Answer: 5' to 3' direction


◉ DNA Replication Enzymes.
Answer: Helicase
Polymerase
Ligase
Primase

,Topoisomerase
Single-Strand Binding Protein


◉ Helicase.
Answer: Unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.


◉ DNA Polymerase.
Answer: Synthesizes new DNA strands from nucleotides.


◉ Ligase.
Answer: Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.


◉ Primase.
Answer: Synthesizes RNA primers for DNA replication.


◉ Single-Strand Binding Proteins.
Answer: Stabilize unwound DNA during replication.


◉ Topoisomerase.
Answer: Relieves tension ahead of the replication fork.


◉ Gene Expression.

, Answer: Process where DNA directs protein synthesis.


◉ Transcription.
Answer: Synthesis of RNA using DNA information.


◉ Translation.
Answer: Synthesis of polypeptides from mRNA.


◉ Proteins.
Answer: Molecules linking genotype to phenotype.


◉ Nucleotide.
Answer: Building blocks of DNA and RNA.


◉ Metabolic Pathway.
Answer: Series of steps for molecule synthesis.


◉ One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis.
Answer: Each gene produces a specific enzyme.


◉ One Gene-One Polypeptide Hypothesis.
Answer: Each gene codes for a specific polypeptide.