BIO 669 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Ejection fraction.
Answer: Most likely to increase with sympathetic nervous system activation
◍ What is an important anabolic hormone that has its effects mediated by
IGFs?.
Answer: Growth hormone
◍ What hormone is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary?.
Answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
◍ Ca.
Answer: Key regulator in determining if a muscle such as cardiac muscle
contracts or not
◍ Decreased hypothalamic function of all associated hormones will result in
an increase in the anterior pituitary production/release of.
Answer: Prolactin
◍ Cardiac action potential.
Answer: Conduction pathway from the SA node to the AV node to the
bundle of HIS to the bundle branches to purkinje fibers
◍ Hypoxemia.
Answer: Effect of decreasing O2 and increasing CO2 levels on myocardial
contractility
◍ Vegetation.
Answer: Infiltration of sterile thrombi by bacteria, as discussed in the
cardiovascular lecture
◍ diabetes insipidus does not show.
, Answer: glucose in the urine
◍ Prostacyclins.
Answer: Vasodilators, not vasoconstrictors
◍ What is a possible symptom of an expanding pituitary tumor not related to
hormones?.
Answer: Visual disturbances
◍ Isovolumetric contraction phase.
Answer: Occurs when the AV valves are closed
◍ What are the clinical effects of primary hyperaldosteronism?.
Answer: HTN, hypokalemia, hypervolemia. EDEMA
◍ Cytokines are chemical messengers that act on nearby cells and are thereby
said to have _____ effects.
Answer: Paracrine
◍ Embolus.
Answer: Can be formed by fat, amniotic fluid, air, or bacteria
◍ Superior vena cava syndrome.
Answer: Progressive superior distention of the head and upper extremities
resulting from growth of a cancerous tumor on the right mainstem bronchus
◍ Myocardial infarction.
Answer: Result of a non-STEMI, characterized by cardiac ischemia
◍ STEMI.
Answer: Marker ST segment elevation, a characteristic of STEMI
◍ Complicated plaque.
Answer: Atherosclerotic area that has ruptured
◍ Thyroid carcinoma is most likely caused by.
Answer: ionizing radiation usually as a child or teenager
◍ What is excessive levels of cortisol as a result of excessive anterior pituitary
secretion of ACTH termed?.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Ejection fraction.
Answer: Most likely to increase with sympathetic nervous system activation
◍ What is an important anabolic hormone that has its effects mediated by
IGFs?.
Answer: Growth hormone
◍ What hormone is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary?.
Answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
◍ Ca.
Answer: Key regulator in determining if a muscle such as cardiac muscle
contracts or not
◍ Decreased hypothalamic function of all associated hormones will result in
an increase in the anterior pituitary production/release of.
Answer: Prolactin
◍ Cardiac action potential.
Answer: Conduction pathway from the SA node to the AV node to the
bundle of HIS to the bundle branches to purkinje fibers
◍ Hypoxemia.
Answer: Effect of decreasing O2 and increasing CO2 levels on myocardial
contractility
◍ Vegetation.
Answer: Infiltration of sterile thrombi by bacteria, as discussed in the
cardiovascular lecture
◍ diabetes insipidus does not show.
, Answer: glucose in the urine
◍ Prostacyclins.
Answer: Vasodilators, not vasoconstrictors
◍ What is a possible symptom of an expanding pituitary tumor not related to
hormones?.
Answer: Visual disturbances
◍ Isovolumetric contraction phase.
Answer: Occurs when the AV valves are closed
◍ What are the clinical effects of primary hyperaldosteronism?.
Answer: HTN, hypokalemia, hypervolemia. EDEMA
◍ Cytokines are chemical messengers that act on nearby cells and are thereby
said to have _____ effects.
Answer: Paracrine
◍ Embolus.
Answer: Can be formed by fat, amniotic fluid, air, or bacteria
◍ Superior vena cava syndrome.
Answer: Progressive superior distention of the head and upper extremities
resulting from growth of a cancerous tumor on the right mainstem bronchus
◍ Myocardial infarction.
Answer: Result of a non-STEMI, characterized by cardiac ischemia
◍ STEMI.
Answer: Marker ST segment elevation, a characteristic of STEMI
◍ Complicated plaque.
Answer: Atherosclerotic area that has ruptured
◍ Thyroid carcinoma is most likely caused by.
Answer: ionizing radiation usually as a child or teenager
◍ What is excessive levels of cortisol as a result of excessive anterior pituitary
secretion of ACTH termed?.
