GEOLOGY 10 FINAL EXAM 2026 EXAM
PREPARATION PACK KEY ROCKS MINERALS
AND GEOLOGIC PROCESSES WITH SAMPLE
QUESTIONS
◉ Sedimentary Structures Answer: 1.)Stratification: arranges of
sedimentary particles in layers called strata as it
accumulates(bedding)
2.)Cross-bedding:layering w/in bed at angle to bedding
surface=ripplies, dunes that indicate current or wind direction
3.)Graded bedding: particels sorted more or less according to size,
Coarser at bottom, finer at top
4.)Fossils: plant or animal remains preserved in sediment.
◉ Describe the identification and naming of the different types of
sedimentary rocks. Answer: Classification of sedimentary rocks is
based on three types of sediment. Clastic sedimentary rocks that are
produced by sediments that have been physical weathered such as
sand, gravel, and clay are classified by their particle size these
include shale, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. The other
types are chemical or biogenic sedimentary rocks that are produced
by sediment that have been chemically weathered/consists of the
dead remains of plants and animals. They are classified by their
composition. These include limestone (calcite), chert (silica),
evaporite (halite) and coal
,◉ Sedimentary Rocks Answer: 1.) Conglomerate: very coarse, gravel
& larger(breccia)= alluvial fans, subsiding basins, braided rivers,
submarine canyons, fans.
2.) Sandstone:Coarse, sand-sized particles easy to see with naked
eye(Quartz)=large cross bedding made by dunes, deserts, beaches,
river channels, alluvial fans, moraine dam lakes and deltas, tidal
flats, submarine canyons, & fans
3.) Siltstone: fine, silt-size particles barely visible by naked
eye(quartz and clay)=lakes, floodplains, tidal mudflats in bays and
estuaries
4.) Shale: very fine, clay size particles too small to see with naked
eye=deepwater off shore low energy environments=deltas,
submarine canyons
5.)Evaporite:salts, halite (NaCl) or gypsum (CaSO4)= playas=lakes
that evaporite seasonally
6.) Limestone:calcite (CaCO3)=biochemical sediment = reefs,
lagoons in shallow tropical seas(fossil rich)
◉ Calcium carbonate sediments such as limestones are deposited in
Answer: shallow, tropical oceans
◉ Cross bedding develops in sediments deposited by Answer:
flowing water or wind
, ◉ Of the clastic rocks listed below, which was deposited in the
fastest-moving water? Answer: Conglomerate
◉ Which of these rocks is the protolith of marble? Answer:
limestone
◉ hich suite of metamorphic rocks is in order of increasing
metamorphic grade? Answer: phyllite, schist, gneiss
◉ Metamorphic rocks Answer: form from preexisting rocks that
undergo changes in mineral assemblage & texture due to either/or
higher T/P, chemical active fluids. (Recrystallization w/o
melting)(chemical reactions)
◉ Causes of metamorphism: Answer: 1.) Rocks get buried by thick
layer of sediment (pressure and fluids)
2.) Squezed by tectonic collisions (pressure)
3.) Baked by intruding magma (temp and fluids)
◉ foliation Answer: minerals aligned in certain directions due to
high pressure applied directions = elongated & platy mineral grains
= tectonic collision
◉ Which of these rocks is not foliated? Answer: Eclogite
PREPARATION PACK KEY ROCKS MINERALS
AND GEOLOGIC PROCESSES WITH SAMPLE
QUESTIONS
◉ Sedimentary Structures Answer: 1.)Stratification: arranges of
sedimentary particles in layers called strata as it
accumulates(bedding)
2.)Cross-bedding:layering w/in bed at angle to bedding
surface=ripplies, dunes that indicate current or wind direction
3.)Graded bedding: particels sorted more or less according to size,
Coarser at bottom, finer at top
4.)Fossils: plant or animal remains preserved in sediment.
◉ Describe the identification and naming of the different types of
sedimentary rocks. Answer: Classification of sedimentary rocks is
based on three types of sediment. Clastic sedimentary rocks that are
produced by sediments that have been physical weathered such as
sand, gravel, and clay are classified by their particle size these
include shale, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. The other
types are chemical or biogenic sedimentary rocks that are produced
by sediment that have been chemically weathered/consists of the
dead remains of plants and animals. They are classified by their
composition. These include limestone (calcite), chert (silica),
evaporite (halite) and coal
,◉ Sedimentary Rocks Answer: 1.) Conglomerate: very coarse, gravel
& larger(breccia)= alluvial fans, subsiding basins, braided rivers,
submarine canyons, fans.
2.) Sandstone:Coarse, sand-sized particles easy to see with naked
eye(Quartz)=large cross bedding made by dunes, deserts, beaches,
river channels, alluvial fans, moraine dam lakes and deltas, tidal
flats, submarine canyons, & fans
3.) Siltstone: fine, silt-size particles barely visible by naked
eye(quartz and clay)=lakes, floodplains, tidal mudflats in bays and
estuaries
4.) Shale: very fine, clay size particles too small to see with naked
eye=deepwater off shore low energy environments=deltas,
submarine canyons
5.)Evaporite:salts, halite (NaCl) or gypsum (CaSO4)= playas=lakes
that evaporite seasonally
6.) Limestone:calcite (CaCO3)=biochemical sediment = reefs,
lagoons in shallow tropical seas(fossil rich)
◉ Calcium carbonate sediments such as limestones are deposited in
Answer: shallow, tropical oceans
◉ Cross bedding develops in sediments deposited by Answer:
flowing water or wind
, ◉ Of the clastic rocks listed below, which was deposited in the
fastest-moving water? Answer: Conglomerate
◉ Which of these rocks is the protolith of marble? Answer:
limestone
◉ hich suite of metamorphic rocks is in order of increasing
metamorphic grade? Answer: phyllite, schist, gneiss
◉ Metamorphic rocks Answer: form from preexisting rocks that
undergo changes in mineral assemblage & texture due to either/or
higher T/P, chemical active fluids. (Recrystallization w/o
melting)(chemical reactions)
◉ Causes of metamorphism: Answer: 1.) Rocks get buried by thick
layer of sediment (pressure and fluids)
2.) Squezed by tectonic collisions (pressure)
3.) Baked by intruding magma (temp and fluids)
◉ foliation Answer: minerals aligned in certain directions due to
high pressure applied directions = elongated & platy mineral grains
= tectonic collision
◉ Which of these rocks is not foliated? Answer: Eclogite
