GEOLOGY 10 FINAL EXAM 2026 PRACTICE
TEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED EARTH
SYSTEMS BREAKDOWN FULL REVIEW
◉ Which of the following statements about the scientific method is
false? Answer: A theory that has accumulated a substantial body of
experimental support is called a hypothesis.
◉ Where is new crust forming today? Answer: Mid ocean ridges
◉ Where are the Earth's plate recycling centers? Answer: Deep sea
trenches
◉ Oceanic crust that records negative magnetic anomalies formed
when the Earth's magnetic field was ________. Answer: Reversed from
what it was today
◉ Which of the following substances is not considered a mineral?
Answer: Coal
◉ What is the dominant type of bonding minerals? Answer: Ionic
bonding
,◉ Isotopes of an element have different numbers of _______. Answer:
Neutrons
◉ Sodium has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons will the
sodium ion Na+ have? Answer: 10
◉ Cleavage in a mineral is controlled by the _______. Answer: Ionic
arrangement of atoms within the material
◉ True or False: Ultimately, any rock type (igneous, sedimentary or
metamorphic) can be turned into any other rock type via the
processes of the rock cycle. Answer: True
◉ Which of the following igneous rocks crystallizes at the Earth's
surface? Answer: Basalt
◉ Minerals form as a result of: Answer: Crystallization from magma
Growth in the solid state
Precipitation from solution
ALL THE ABOVE
◉ The two characteristics used to describe a rock are: Answer:
Mineralogy and texture
, ◉ Where would you expect to find the largest crystals in a lava flow?
Answer: In the center of the flow
◉ Large igneous bodies that form at depth in the Earth's crust are
called ________. Answer: Plutons
◉ Andesite is an example of a _______ igneous rock. Answer:
Intermediate
◉ What is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface called? Answer:
Magma
◉ What is the name for a basaltic lava flow that has a ropy, folded
surface? Answer: Panhoehoe
◉ At what boundary within the Earth do we believe that mantle
plumes (hot spots) originate? Answer: Mantle-outer core boundary
◉ Which of the following igneous rocks has the lowest silica
content? Answer: Ultramafic
◉ What type of rock makes up most of the Hawaiian Islands?
Answer: Basalt
TEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED EARTH
SYSTEMS BREAKDOWN FULL REVIEW
◉ Which of the following statements about the scientific method is
false? Answer: A theory that has accumulated a substantial body of
experimental support is called a hypothesis.
◉ Where is new crust forming today? Answer: Mid ocean ridges
◉ Where are the Earth's plate recycling centers? Answer: Deep sea
trenches
◉ Oceanic crust that records negative magnetic anomalies formed
when the Earth's magnetic field was ________. Answer: Reversed from
what it was today
◉ Which of the following substances is not considered a mineral?
Answer: Coal
◉ What is the dominant type of bonding minerals? Answer: Ionic
bonding
,◉ Isotopes of an element have different numbers of _______. Answer:
Neutrons
◉ Sodium has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons will the
sodium ion Na+ have? Answer: 10
◉ Cleavage in a mineral is controlled by the _______. Answer: Ionic
arrangement of atoms within the material
◉ True or False: Ultimately, any rock type (igneous, sedimentary or
metamorphic) can be turned into any other rock type via the
processes of the rock cycle. Answer: True
◉ Which of the following igneous rocks crystallizes at the Earth's
surface? Answer: Basalt
◉ Minerals form as a result of: Answer: Crystallization from magma
Growth in the solid state
Precipitation from solution
ALL THE ABOVE
◉ The two characteristics used to describe a rock are: Answer:
Mineralogy and texture
, ◉ Where would you expect to find the largest crystals in a lava flow?
Answer: In the center of the flow
◉ Large igneous bodies that form at depth in the Earth's crust are
called ________. Answer: Plutons
◉ Andesite is an example of a _______ igneous rock. Answer:
Intermediate
◉ What is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface called? Answer:
Magma
◉ What is the name for a basaltic lava flow that has a ropy, folded
surface? Answer: Panhoehoe
◉ At what boundary within the Earth do we believe that mantle
plumes (hot spots) originate? Answer: Mantle-outer core boundary
◉ Which of the following igneous rocks has the lowest silica
content? Answer: Ultramafic
◉ What type of rock makes up most of the Hawaiian Islands?
Answer: Basalt
