BIO 1610 SLCC 2 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ cellular metabolism.
Answer: all the chemical activities of a cell
◍ metabolic pathways are.
Answer: a series of reactions in a particular order
◍ catabolic pathways.
Answer: release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler
compounds
◍ anabolic pathways.
Answer: consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones
◍ Energy.
Answer: the capacity to do work or to move matter against opposing forces
◍ kinetic energy.
Answer: energy of motion or actually doing work
◍ potential.
Answer: stored energy or not being used at the moment
◍ chemical energy.
Answer: potential energy stored in molecules
◍ Thermodynamics.
Answer: the study of energy transformations
◍ the term system in thermodynamics means.
Answer: matter under study
,◍ the term surroundings in thermodynamics means.
Answer: everything outside the system
◍ the term closed in thermodynamics means.
Answer: isolated from its surroundings
◍ the term open in thermodynamics means.
Answer: can be transferred between systems and surroundings
◍ organisms are.
Answer: open systems
◍ First law of thermodynamics.
Answer: Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created
or destroyed.
◍ energy cant be.
Answer: created or destroyed only transformed
◍ Entropy.
Answer: A measure of disorder or randomness.
◍ the more random a collection of matter.
Answer: the greater its entropy
◍ Free energy.
Answer: energy that is available to do work
◍ Exergonic reactions are.
Answer: RELEASE energy and yield products that contain less potential
energy than their reactants. EXIT. FIRE. EXIT.
◍ Endergonic reactions are.
Answer: ABSORB free energy from its surroundings. Store energy.
ENTER.
◍ ATP powers cellular work by.
Answer: coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions
, ◍ G=H-TS.
Answer: T is temp in Kelvin
◍ Mechanical work.
Answer: beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, movement of
chromosomes during cellular reproduction
◍ Transport work.
Answer: the pumping of substances across membranes against the direction
of spontaneous movement
◍ Chemical work.
Answer: the driving of endergonic reactions that would not occur
spontaneously
◍ breathing and cellular respiration.
Answer: are closely related
◍ ATP.
Answer: adenosine triphosphate
◍ What is ATP?.
Answer: a close packing of nucleotide consisting of the nitrogenenous base
adenine, the sugar ribose, and a CHAIN OF THREE PHOSPHATE
GROUPS
◍ Phosphate bonds in ATP are.
Answer: weak covalent bonds
◍ phosphorylated.
Answer: the recipient of the phosphate group, a transferring phosphate group
to another molecule
◍ ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by.
Answer: addition of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
◍ In a working muscle cell.
Answer: the entire pool of ATP is recycled once each minute, over 10
million ATP consumed and regenerated per second per cell.
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ cellular metabolism.
Answer: all the chemical activities of a cell
◍ metabolic pathways are.
Answer: a series of reactions in a particular order
◍ catabolic pathways.
Answer: release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler
compounds
◍ anabolic pathways.
Answer: consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones
◍ Energy.
Answer: the capacity to do work or to move matter against opposing forces
◍ kinetic energy.
Answer: energy of motion or actually doing work
◍ potential.
Answer: stored energy or not being used at the moment
◍ chemical energy.
Answer: potential energy stored in molecules
◍ Thermodynamics.
Answer: the study of energy transformations
◍ the term system in thermodynamics means.
Answer: matter under study
,◍ the term surroundings in thermodynamics means.
Answer: everything outside the system
◍ the term closed in thermodynamics means.
Answer: isolated from its surroundings
◍ the term open in thermodynamics means.
Answer: can be transferred between systems and surroundings
◍ organisms are.
Answer: open systems
◍ First law of thermodynamics.
Answer: Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created
or destroyed.
◍ energy cant be.
Answer: created or destroyed only transformed
◍ Entropy.
Answer: A measure of disorder or randomness.
◍ the more random a collection of matter.
Answer: the greater its entropy
◍ Free energy.
Answer: energy that is available to do work
◍ Exergonic reactions are.
Answer: RELEASE energy and yield products that contain less potential
energy than their reactants. EXIT. FIRE. EXIT.
◍ Endergonic reactions are.
Answer: ABSORB free energy from its surroundings. Store energy.
ENTER.
◍ ATP powers cellular work by.
Answer: coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions
, ◍ G=H-TS.
Answer: T is temp in Kelvin
◍ Mechanical work.
Answer: beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, movement of
chromosomes during cellular reproduction
◍ Transport work.
Answer: the pumping of substances across membranes against the direction
of spontaneous movement
◍ Chemical work.
Answer: the driving of endergonic reactions that would not occur
spontaneously
◍ breathing and cellular respiration.
Answer: are closely related
◍ ATP.
Answer: adenosine triphosphate
◍ What is ATP?.
Answer: a close packing of nucleotide consisting of the nitrogenenous base
adenine, the sugar ribose, and a CHAIN OF THREE PHOSPHATE
GROUPS
◍ Phosphate bonds in ATP are.
Answer: weak covalent bonds
◍ phosphorylated.
Answer: the recipient of the phosphate group, a transferring phosphate group
to another molecule
◍ ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by.
Answer: addition of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
◍ In a working muscle cell.
Answer: the entire pool of ATP is recycled once each minute, over 10
million ATP consumed and regenerated per second per cell.
